On Alan Schoen's I-WP Minimal Surface

We show that the associate family of the I-WP surface contains three surfaces isometric to I-WP at angles $0^\circ$, $120^\circ$ and $240^\circ$.Comment: 13 pages, 22 figure

Physico-Chemical and Bacterialogical Analysis of the Surface Water Used for Domestic Purposes in Okpai and Beneku, Delta State, Nigeria

The main focus of this study is to analyze the effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on surface water used for domestic purpose in Okpai and Beneku area Delta State Nigeria Surface water samples were collected in the dry December January and February and wet June July and August seasons from Okpai experimental site and Beneku control site The water samples were analyzed for chemical physical and biological parameters using standard procedures The results for all the parameters analyzed showed higher variation between samples obtained from the experimental site and those of the control site which indicate possible pollution in the experimental site for instance the pH values were 5 33 and 5 586 in the dry and wet seasons respectively for Okpa For Beneku the pH values were 6 82 and 6 91 in the dry and wet seasons respectively Magnesium 2 437mg l in the dry and 2 063mg l in the wet recorded in samples obtained from Okpai were higher than those obtained Beneku The presence of coliform 2 colonies in the dry and approximately 1 67 colonies in the wet were recorded in Okpai sample

Assessment of Land use and Land Cover Change in Kwale, Ndokwa-East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria

The study examines land use and land cover change in Kwale Ndokwa-East Local Government area Delta State Nigeria between 1975 and 2008 using GIS and remote sensing technique The satellite data that were employed included LandSat MSS 1975 LandSat TM 1987 LandSat ETM 2001 downloaded from Global Landcover Resources Website http www glcf com while images from NigSat1 2008 were obtained from the National Centre for Remote Sensing Jos Plateau state Nigeria The software used for the processing and analysis for this study includes ARCGIS 9 ERDAS 8 1 and ILWIS 3 2a Results of the study revealed that on the average between 1975 and 2008 bare surfaces decreased to by 93 51 forest vegetation by 30 98 settlement by 25 61 and woodlands by 37 19 Marshlands cultivated lands shrublands and water bodies increased respectively by 54 45 24 42 3 21 and 319 91 This showed that bare surfaces forest vegetation settlements and woodlands were gradually being replaced by marshlands cultivated lands shrublands as well as water bodies Settlements were found to be aggregating within specific geographic regions over time It is therefore recommended that concerted efforts be made to reclaim the areas occupied by bare surface and marshlands into arable agricultural lands And finally further efforts should be devoted towards reducing gas flaring increasing afforestation strategies while discouraging lumbering oil spillage as well as gas flaring within the regio

The Effect of Fragmentation and Land Use Types on Bannerman’s Weaver Ploceus bannermani (A Globally-Threatened Bird Species) on the Obudu Plateau, Southeast Nigeria

The Obudu Plateau is one of the most important single sites in Nigeria for globally-threatened bird species e.g., Bannerman’s Weaver Ploceus bannermani. The Obudu Plateau forms part of the Cameroon Mountain Endemic Bird Area which has continued to be degraded causing declines in the populations of these threatened bird species. This study examined how land use and fragmentation affect Bannerman’s Weaver on the Obudu Plateau. Birds heard or seen, and their distances were recorded from points laid 100 meters apart in forest patches that varied in their categories (less disturbed, completely protected, and partially protected, houses inside, farming inside and degraded by nomadic activity). No significant differences in the densities of Bannerman’s Weaver in the different forest patch categories: weavers were more common in protected patches and less common in unprotected patches. Patch size had a significant positive effect on the density of Bannerman’s Weaver while isolation distance had no significant difference. Patch size reduction as a consequence of fragmentation therefore negatively affected Bannerman’s Weaver. Those forest patches with partial protection should be fully protected and there should be environmental education on the need to adequately protect those forest patches that are already designated as reserves. Keywords: Fragmentation, Threatened bird species, Bannerman’s Weaver, Obudu Plateau, Forest land use types

PENGGUNAAN KHAMIR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISEAE UNTUK MEMERBAIKI KUALITAS NUTRIEN DEDAK PADI (Using yeast saccharomyces cereviseae to improve nutrients quality of rice bran)

The experiment was conducted to improve the nutrients quality ofrice bran fermented with Saccharomyces cereviseae.A laboratorium experimental method was used andarranging factorially in Completely Randomized Design3 x 4 x 3 namely three  inoculant levels of S.cerevisiae 1, 2, and 3 % (w/w) as the first factor and inkubation time: 24, 48 and 72 hours as the second factor. Parameters observed were crude protein, soluble protein,crude fat, and phytic acid.The best result of this study was combination 2% S.cerevisiae inoculant level and 72 hours incubation time was supporting to increasing crude protein (10,88 to 14, 36%), soluble protein content (6.14 to 9.82%), and  decreased   phytic acid content (5.48 to 2.98%) and crude fat (8,23 to 6,91%).Penelitian dilakukan untuk memerbaiki kualitas nutrien dedak padi secara in vitro yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan Saccharomyces cereviseae. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental  menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yakni level inokulum S. cerevisiae: 1, 2, dan 3% (b/b)sebagai faktor pertama dan lama inkubasi: 24, 48, dan 72 jam sebagai faktor kedua dan masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah protein kasar, protein terlarut, lemak kasar, dan asam pitat. Hasil pengukuran menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara level inokulum dan lama inkubasi. Level inokulum S.cerevisiae 2% dan lama inkubasi 72 jam terbaik memengaruhi peningkatan kandungan protein kasar (10,88 menjadi 14.36%), protein terlarut(7.14 menjadi10,62%) dan berkurangnya lemak kasar (dari 8,33 menjadi 6,46%) tetapi kadar asam pitat paling sedikit ada di perlakuan 3% level inokulum dan lama inkubasi 48 jam (5.48 menjadi 2.77%

Kecernaan Bahan Kering Dan Bahan Organik Ransum Ternak Kambing Kacang Yang Diberi Suplementasi Dedak Padi Dan Daun Turi

Dry And Organic Matter Digestibility Of Kacang Goats Offered Native Grass Supplemented With Rice Meal And Sesbania Leafs. A study on the effect of rice meal and sesbania leafs supplementation on dry and organic matter digestibility of kacang goats offered native grass has been carried out using 12 male goats (6-9 months old) in a block completely randomized design. The goats were grouped into 4 and then each group was treated as R0 = 100% native grass (control), R1 = 75% native grass + 20% sesbania leafs + 5% rice meal, R2 = 50% native grass + 40% sesbania leafs + 10% rice meal or R3 = 25% native grass + 60% sesbania leafs + 15% rice meal. Replication was 3 times for each treatment so there are 12 experimental units. Data was analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference among treatments was further analyzed by Duncan\u27s multiple range tests. Results showed that there is a strong significant difference (P<0.01) among dry matter digestibility. Further test showed that there is a strong significant difference (P<0.01) between R3 and either R0, R1 or R2. Between R2 and R0 there is only a significant (P<0.05) difference. There is no difference (P>0.05) between R2 and R1 as well as R1 and R0. Organic matter digestibility was significantly (P<0.01) differ among treatments. Further test showed that a strong significant (P<0.01) difference was recorded between R3 and either R0, R1 or R2. Similarly, the difference between R2 and R0 as well as R1 and R0 was recorded. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between R2 and R1. It can be concluded that dry and organic matter digestibility of kacang goats increases according to the increase of sesbania leafs and rice meal supplementation. It was suggested to use sesbania leafs and rice meal in the ration of fattening goats and also it was suggested a further experiment by using different ration formulation composed of these feedstuffs

Variation in Avian Visits on Two Host Plants of the Mistletoe Tapinanthus sesselifolius Depended on Habitat Type and Presence of Matured Flowers

This study investigated avian foraging behaviour on the Mistletoe, Tapinanthus sesselifolius with a view to determine whether avian visits to the stem parasitic plant significantly differ between its two common host plant species in the Amurum Forest Reserve, Nigeria namely; Dichrostachys cinerea and Ochna afzelii. Also the study determined whether habitat type and abundnace of the three flower developmental stages of T. sesselifolius (i.e.closed unripe, closed ripe and open flowers) influenced avian visits to T. sesselifolius. Data was obtained using focal observations; 22 individuals of each of the two plant species hosting the Mistletoe T. sesselifolius were selected through stratified sampling. Focal observations to determine avian visits were conducted over a period of 1-hour per individual plant. Flower developmental stages were sampled through direct counts on three randomly selected branches of the parasitic plant. A significant difference was observed in avian visits to T. sesselifolius on the two study host plants with higher mean visits per hour to T. sesselifolius on D. Cinerea. While T. sesselifolius around the gallery forest habitat received significantly more avian visitors than those located in the savannah scrub and rocky outcrop. Also closed ripe flowers had significant effect on avian visits with avian visits increasing significantly to T. sesselifolius having higher numbers of closed ripe flowers. The complex structure of D. cinerea and the dense vegetation structure of the gallery forest could act as buffer against birds of prey and may have encouraged more visits to T. sesselifolius based on these factors. Also, the tamper proof nature of ripe flowers and its high nectar content as observed in previous studies is speculated as reasons for its significant positive effect on avian visits in the study. These observations may have implications on the reproductive potential of the stem parasitic plant since reduced pollinator visits is known to limit pollen deposition and eventual fruit set in plants. Keywords: avian visits, Tapinanthus sesselifolius, host plant, habitat type DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-8-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Merger of two dispatch centres: does it improve quality and patient safety?

Dispatch centres (DCs) are considered an essential but expensive component of many highly developed healthcare systems. The number of DCs in a country, region, or state is usually based on local history and often related to highly decentralised healthcare systems. Today, current technology (Global Positioning System or Internet access) abolishes the need for closeness between DCs and the population. Switzerland went from 22 DCs in 2006 to 17 today. This study describes from a quality and patient safety point of view the merger of two DCs. The study analysed the performance (over and under-triage) of two medical DCs for 12 months prior to merging and for 12 months again after the merger in 2015. Performance was measured comparing the priority level chosen by dispatcher and the severity of cases assessed by paramedics on site using the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) score. We ruled that NACA score > 3 (injuries/diseases which can possibly lead to deterioration of vital signs) to 7 (lethal injuries/diseases) should require a priority dispatch with lights and siren (L&S). While NACA score < 4 should require a priority dispatch without L&S. Over-triage was defined as the proportion of L&S dispatches with a NACA score < 4, and under-triage as the proportion of dispatches without L&S with a NACA > 3. Prior to merging, Dispatch A had a sensitivity/specificity regarding the use of lights and sirens and severity of cases of 86%/48% with over- and under-triage rates of 78% and 5%, respectively. Dispatch B had sensitivity and specificity of 92%/20% and over- and under-triage rates of 84% and 7%, respectively. After they merged, global sensitivity/specificity reached 87%/67%, and over- and under-triage rates were 71% and 3%, respectively CONCLUSIONS: A part the potential cost advantage achieved by the merger of two DCs, it can improve the quality of services to the population, reducing over- and under-triage and the use of lights and sirens and therefore, the risk of accidents. This is especially the case when a DC with poor triage performance merges with a high-performing DC