9 research outputs found
Application of receptor models to airborne particulate matter
The human activities in their various aspects cause a change in the natural air quality. This change results more marked in very populated and in high industrialized areas. Some pollutants emitted are typical of a particular activity. Each source of pollution is identified by its profile in the composition of the emissions in the environment. Multivariate receptor models can be used in order to apportion pollutants to the different sources assessing the contribution of each source to the total pollution. This paper deals with the application of Absolute Principal Component Scores (APCS) receptor model to data obtained from the automatic network of air quality monitoring in the city of Bari (South Italy). The parameters monitored by automatic networks, as bihourly values, are PM10, NOx, CO, Benzene, Toluene, Xilene. The data shown in this paper concerning 1 month almost of sampling in different monitoring stations of Bari Municipality during the period of time from January 2005 to April 2006. Moreover preliminary results obtained applying the APCS model to daily PM2.5 samples collected during SITECOS PRIN project are shown. The results concerning data collected in corso Cavour (Bari) during the month of October 2005. The results obtained by APCS receptor model seem to suggest a poor contribution of the "vehicular traffic source" and a relevant contribution of the "secondary particulate source" to particulate matter concentrations
âCluster analysis applied to optical particles counter data collected in Apulia Regionâ
La composizione chimica del Particolato Atmosferico nella penisola Italiana, similitudini e analogie
none32noneP. Bruno; M. Caselli; P. R. Dambruoso; B. E. Daresta; G. de Gennaro; C. M. Placentino; M. Tutino; D. Baldacci; M.Stracquadanio; L. Tositti; S. Zappoli; D. Gullotto; V. Librando; Z.Minniti; G. Perrini; G. Trincali; S. Becagli; A. Mannini; R. Udisti; E.Bolzacchini; L. Ferrero; C. Lo Porto; M. G. Perrone; C. Paradisi;A. Tapparo; P. Barbieri; L. Capriglia; F.Cozzi; E. Maran; E.Reisenhofer; V. Sicardi. P.Fermo; A. PiazzalungaP. Bruno; M. Caselli; P. R. Dambruoso; B. E. Daresta; G. de Gennaro; C. M. Placentino; M. Tutino; D. Baldacci; M.Stracquadanio; L. Tositti; S. Zappoli; D. Gullotto; V. Librando; Z.Minniti; G. Perrini; G. Trincali; S. Becagli; A. Mannini; R. Udisti; E.Bolzacchini; L. Ferrero; C. Lo Porto; M. G. Perrone; C. Paradisi;A. Tapparo; P. Barbieri; L. Capriglia; F.Cozzi; E. Maran; E.Reisenhofer; V. Sicardi. P.Fermo; A. Piazzalung
Concentration and the chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 in all the Italian territory
In order to studying the concentration and
the chemical characterization of atmospheric
particulate in the different season in all the Italian
territory, inside the SITECOS project (PRIN 2004), a
gravimetric sampling campaigns have been
conducted. The PM10 and PM2.5 samplings were
placed at the same time in different sites along the
Italian peninsula. The sampling sites were: Bari,
Taranto, Pollino (m.1800, remote site), Catania,
Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Arezzo, Grosseto,
Capannori-LU, Prato, Montale-PT (rural site),
Bologna and Monte Cimone (m.2100, remote site on
Italian Apennines), Padua, Milan, San Colombano
(m.2300, remote site on Italian Alps), Trieste and San
Rocco a Muggia (TS).
Daily PM2.5 and PM10 samples have been
collected, to do a \u201csampling bank \u201c, available for a
further chemical / physical / toxicological
characterization of atmospheric particulate
Samples have been chemically characterized
according to their main species: PAHs, inorganic
ions and EC/OC in the PM2.5 samples; elements in
the PM10 samples.
In the Padana plain (Milan, Bologna, Padua)
the PM concentration is uniform and a strong
seasonal trend is observed, with the highest values in
winter time and the lowest values in summer while
PM concentration in S. Colombano and Monte
Cimone sites show an opposite seasonality, with the
highest values in summer and the lowest ones in
winter.
These data show a slight evolution during the
winter\u2019s day because of the height of the dispersion
layer, in connection with microclimatic parameters;
for example in Milan city during acute cases of
pollution, the height is no more that 300m (Ferrero et
al., 2006). Remote sites of S. Colombano and Monte
Cimone in the winter time are above the boundary
layer while during summer period they are on it.
In the center of Italy PM seasonality
concentration is less important while in the South
Italy and in Sicily there is any seasonal trend. The
reasons are, in part, linked to the different
meteoclimatic features present in the Italian
peninsula.
Chemical composition data show a significant
differences. In the North of Italy there is a strong
seasonality of ionic component; in particular, during
the winter, the Nitrate concentration is higher than
the Sulfate one while the situation is opposed in
summer. Ammonium does not show a strong
seasonality, but it remains pretty constant; the same
applies to Carbon. In the South of Italy cities, SO
,
NO
3
-
and NH
4
+
, primary component of inorganic
ions, they do not show a seasonality with a Sulfate
concentration that is always higher than Nitrates.
In the center of Italy the seasonality is less marked
thanks to the inorganic ions. Sulfate and Nitrate are
similar from a percentage point of view.
Also PAHs (expressed in weight/weight,
quality of particulate), in the Padana plain, shows a
strong seasonality, with a high percentage in the
winter season and a lower one in summer (Ravindra
et al., 2006). Over the year concentrations are
constant in South of Italy, while in the center area,
the seasonality is less strong.
The vehicles traffic source is estimated to be
one of the main PM source in the Padana plain, while
in the South of Italy there are other sources like
photochemistry reactivity, Saharan Dust events, etc.
These results show a different role of PM
sources along the Italian peninsula and they carry
fundamental information for a correct management
of the complex problem on a national scale.
Ferrero, L., Lazzati, Z., Lo Porto, C., Perrone, M.G.,
Petraccone, S., Sangiorgi, G., Bolzacchini, E.,
(2006) Vertical distribution of particulate matter in
the urban atmosphere of Milan. Poster.
International Aerosol Conference 2006.
Ravindra, K., Bencs, L., Wauters, E., Hoog, J.,
Deutsch, F., Roekens, E., Bleux, N., Berghmans,
P., Van Grieken, R., (2006) Seasonal and sitespecific
variation
in
vapour
and
aerosol
phase
PAHs
over
Flanders
(Belgium)
and
their
relation
with
anthropogenic
activities.
Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 771-785