Descrição do plexo braquial do cachorro-do-mato-de-orelhas-curtas (Atelocynus microtis - Sclater, 1882): relato de caso

O cachorro-do-mato-de-orelhas-curtas (Atelocynus microtis) é uma das espécies mais raras de Canídeos Sul-americanos. Com o objetivo de descrever a morfologia deste animal e engrandecer o estudo da neuroanatomia comparada, estudou-se a composição anatômica do plexo braquial de um exemplar, fêmea, proveniente de Paragominas-PA doado após morte por atropelamento ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA), da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O animal foi fixado em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10% e posteriormente realizou-se dissecação bilateral da origem do plexo braquial. No A. microtis o plexo braquial é derivado dos ramos ventrais dos três últimos nervos espinhais cervicais e do primeiro nervo espinhal torácico (C6-T1). Os nervos derivados do plexo braquial com suas respectivas origens foram: n. supraescapular (C6 e C7), n. subescapular (C6), n. musculocutâneo (C6 e C7), n. axilar (C6 e C7), n. radial (C7 e C8), n. mediano (C7, C8 e T1), n. ulnar (C8 e T1), n. toracodorsal (C8 e T1), nn. peitorais craniais (C7, C8 e T1) e peitorais caudais (C8 e T1). O plexo braquial do A. microtis assemelhou-se ao descrito para o cão doméstico em relação à origem do segmento inicial e final, apresentando diferenças quanto à composição de alguns nervos

Perfil bioquímico sérico de bezerros bubalinos no período neonatal

A determinação do perfil bioquímico sérico é uma excelente ferramenta para identificar eventuais alterações fisiológicas pertinentes à saúde e ao bem-estar do bezerro, sobretudo no período neonatal. Deste modo objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o perfil bioquímico sérico de bezerros bubalinos sadios no período neonatal. Foram examinadas amostras de soro sanguíneo de 50 animais da raça Murrah oriundos de fazenda produtora de leite situada no município de Alambari - SP. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos experimentais, de acordo com o número de parições de suas mães, sendo 15 bezerros filhos de búfalas primíparas (G1), 19 bezerros filhos de búfalas multíparas com duas a quatro parições (G2) e 16 bezerros filhos de búfalas multíparas com cinco a 14 parições (G3). As colheitas de amostras de sangue venoso foram realizadas nos seguintes momentos: ao nascimento, antes da ingestão do colostro (M0), às 24h (M1), 48h (M2) e 72h após o nascimento (M3) e aos 7 (M4), 14 (M5), 21 (M6) e 30 dias de idade (M7), para determinação das atividades séricas das enzimas gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina quinase (CK) e das concentrações séricas de proteína total, albumina, globulinas, ferro, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, fósforo, sódio e potássio. As concentrações séricas de imunoglobulina G (IgG), foram determinadas pela técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Os resultados foram avaliados por análise de variância (ANOVA), usando o teste de Tukey para comparação entre as médias, a significância foi verificada a 5% de probabilidade. O fator etário influenciou todos os parâmetros bioquímicos estudados, com exceção das concentrações séricas de cálcio ionizado e de potássio somente nos bezerros dos grupos G1 e G3. A ordem de parições das búfalas influenciou as atividades séricas de AST e GGT e as concentrações séricas de proteína total, albumina, globulinas e IgG dos bezerros bubalinos. A atividade sérica elevada de ALP nos dois primeiros dias após o nascimento indica a possível utilização desse parâmetro como método indireto de avaliação da transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP). As concentrações de ferro sérico dos bezerros bubalinos apresentaram valores elevados, contraindicando-se a suplementação do ferro na espécie na fase neonatal.The serum biochemical profile is an excellent tool to identify any relevant physiological changes to health and calf welfare, especially in the neonatal period. This study aimed to evaluate serum biochemical profile of healthy buffalo calves in the neonatal period. Serum samples from 50 Murrah animals from a milk farm in the city of Alambari – SP were examinated. The animals were divided into three groups according to the number of parities of their mothers, 15 calves born from primiparous buffaloes (G1), 19 calves born from multiparous buffaloes with two to four parities (G2) and 16 calves from multiparous buffaloes with five to 14 parities (G3). The venous blood samples were taken at the following times: at birth, before the ingestion of colostrum (M0) at 24h (M1), 48h (M2) and 72h after birth (M3) and 7 (M4), 14 (M5), 21 (M6) and 30 days of age (M7) for determination of serum activities of gamma glutamyl transferase enzymes (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, iron, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Tukey’s test to compare means, significance was observed at 5% probability. The age factor influenced all biochemical parameters, except for ionized calcium and potassium concentrations only from calves of G1 and G3 groups. The calving order of buffalo influenced AST, GGT, serum total protein, albumin, globulin and IgG of buffalo calves. The high serum ALP activity in the first two days after birth indicates the possible use of this parameter as an indirect method of assessing the passive immunity transfer. The serum iron concentrations of buffalo calves showed high values, the supplementation of this mineral is contraindicated in buffalo calves on the neonatal period.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Ultrasound spectroscopy as an alternative method to measure the physical-chemical constituents of buffalo milk

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to use ultrasound spectroscopy for the determination of the physical-chemical characteristics of buffalo milk and compare it to theinfrared method. Levels of fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solids (NFS) were determined in milk samples of 22 buffaloes (n = 383) with initial milk production of 6.97 ± 1.55 litres. The respective average results for the fat, protein, lactose and NFS of the individual samples were 6.31%, 3.81%, 4.99% and 9.75% for the infrared method-PO ANA 009 and 7.16%, 2.5%, 6.28% and 9.41% using ultrasound spectroscopy. There were significant differences (P<0.0001) in the levels of all of the components analysed between the two methods studied. Results obtained in the analyses using the ultrasonic milk analyser (Ekomilk Total®) were different from those obtained by the infrared method-PO ANA 009 (ESALQ), but they showed a high positive correlation for fat (r =0.84108, P<0.0001), moderate correlation for NFS(r= 0.71284 P = 0.0022), low correlation for lactose (r= 0.32197; P<0.0001) and the absence of correlation for protein(r= -0.00284, P<0.0001). Therefore, ultrasound spectroscopy can be used forthe determination of fat. For the other constituents of buffalo milk, in order to use the ultrasonic analyser, it is suggested that further studies should be conducted for technical and methodological adjustments

Sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA for the detection of antibody titers against BVDV from beef cattle raised in Pará State

The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies (Ab) in beef cattle raised in Pará state, to compare the prevalence of seropositive animals to BVDV using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (iELISA) and the virus neutralization (VN) test, and finally, to determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the iELISA for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab using VN as a gold standard. A total of 400 serum blood samples from Nelore cows aged at least 24 months from five farms in the Pará state from two mesoregions (Metropolitan Region of Belem and Northeast of Pará) were analyzed. All animals were vaccinated against brucellosis and foot-and-mouth disease. The examination of anti-BVDV Ab with VN was performed in the Laboratory of Bovine Viruses of the Biological Institute of Sao Paulo as described in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. For VN, bovine kidney epithelial cells from the Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) strain were used. The determinations of anti-BVDV Ab were performed with the iELISA test at the Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The results were classified as follows: (a) correct positive diagnosis, (b) incorrect positive diagnosis, (c) correct negative diagnosis, and (d) incorrect negative diagnosis, according to the results obtained from VN. From the values obtained from VN and iELISA, Se [(a ÷ a + d) × 100], Sp [(c ÷ c + b) × 100], positive predictive value [(a ÷ a + B) × 100], and negative predictive value [(c ÷ c + d) × 100] were calculated for iELISA. The frequencies (%) of seropositive animals were determined and compared both between the different tests (iELISA and VN) and between the different farms (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). The statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of seropositive animals was found to be different (P < 0.0001) using VN (39.25% [157/400]) and iELISA (54.50% [218/400]). It was observed that the Se and Sp of the iELISA assay were 98.72% and 74.07%, respectively. Of the total, 25.93% (63/243) of the samples were considered false-positive and 1.27% false-negative (2/157). It was concluded that the BVDV infection is present in beef cattle herds of the state of Para. Based on the speed of execution, ease of handling, and high Se of the iELISA, it is suggested that this assay can be used as a screening test for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab with the aim of eliminating infected animals from large herds of beef cattle

Sensibilidade e especificidade do ELISA indireto na detecção de anticorpos anti-BVDV em bovinos de corte criados no Estado do Pará

The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies (Ab) in beef cattle raised in Pará state, to compare the prevalence of seropositive animals to BVDV using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (iELISA) and the virus neutralization (VN) test, and finally, to determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the iELISA for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab using VN as a gold standard. A total of 400 serum blood samples from Nelore cows aged at least 24 months from five farms in the Pará state from two mesoregions (Metropolitan Region of Belem and Northeast of Pará) were analyzed. All animals were vaccinated against brucellosis and foot-and-mouth disease. The examination of anti-BVDV Ab with VN was performed in the Laboratory of Bovine Viruses of the Biological Institute of Sao Paulo as described in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. For VN, bovine kidney epithelial cells from the Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) strain were used. The determinations of anti-BVDV Ab were performed with the iELISA test at the Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The results were classified as follows: (a) correct positive diagnosis, (b) incorrect positive diagnosis, (c) correct negative diagnosis, and (d) incorrect negative diagnosis, according to the results obtained from VN. From the values obtained from VN and iELISA, Se [(a ÷ a + d) × 100], Sp [(c ÷ c + b) × 100], positive predictive value [(a ÷ a + B) × 100], and negative predictive value [(c ÷ c + d) × 100] were calculated for iELISA. The frequencies (%) of seropositive animals were determined and compared both between the different tests (iELISA and VN) and between the different farms (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). The statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of seropositive animals was found to be different (P < 0.0001) using VN (39.25% [157/400]) and iELISA (54.50% [218/400]). It was observed that the Se and Sp of the iELISA assay were 98.72% and 74.07%, respectively. Of the total, 25.93% (63/243) of the samples were considered false-positive and 1.27% false-negative (2/157). It was concluded that the BVDV infection is present in beef cattle herds of the state of Para. Based on the speed of execution, ease of handling, and high Se of the iELISA, it is suggested that this assay can be used as a screening test for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab with the aim of eliminating infected animals from large herds of beef cattle.Para se estabelecer a prevalência de anticorpos (Ac) anti-BVDV em rebanhos bovinos de corte no Estado do Pará e comparar a prevalência de animais soropositivos para o BVDV utilizando-se um kit comercial de ELISA-I (“Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay” indireto) frente ao teste de VN (virusneutralização) e determinar a Se (sensibilidade) e Sp (especificidade) do ELISA-I para detecção de Ac anti-BVDV frente a VN, foram analisadas 400 amostras de soros sanguíneos de vacas Nelore com idade mínima superior a 24 meses, vacinadas contra brucelose e febre aftosa, provenientes de cinco fazendas no estado do Pará, localizadas em duas Mesorregiões (Metropolitana de Belém e do Nordeste Paraense). A pesquisa de Ac anti-BVDV determinados pela VN foi realizada no Laboratório de Viroses de Bovídeos do Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, conforme descrito no Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Foram utilizadas células epiteliais de rim bovino da linhagem Madin Darby Bovine Kidney - MDBK). Já as determinações dos Ac anti-BVDV pelo ELISA-I foram realizadas no Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, conforme recomendações do fabricante. Os resultados verificados foram classificados como diagnóstico positivo correto (a), diagnóstico positivo incorreto (b), diagnóstico negativo correto (c), diagnóstico negativo incorreto (d), em função dos resultados obtidos na VN. A partir desses valores, calculou-se para o ELISA-I a sensibilidade [(a / a + d) x 100], a especificidade [(c / c + b) x 100], o valor preditivo positivo [(a / a + b) x 100] e o valor preditivo negativo [(c / c + d) x 100]. Foram determinadas as frequências (%) de animais positivos, tanto entre os testes (ELISA-I e VN) como entre as diferentes fazendas (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5). A estatística de inferência foi realizada com nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de animais soropositivos foi diferente (P < 0,0001) entre os teste de VN [39,25% (157/400)] e ELISA-I [54,50% (218/400)]. Observou-se que os valores de Se e Sp do ELISA-I corresponderam a 98,72% e 74,07%, e que 25,93% (63/243) das amostras foram falso-positivas e 1,27% (2/157) falso-negativas. Concluiu-se que a infecção pelo BVDV está presente em rebanhos de corte do estado do Pará. Devido à rapidez, praticidade e alta sensibilidade do ELISA-I, sugere-se que este teste seja utilizado como teste de triagem para a detecção de Ac anti-BVDV, visando identificar os animais infectados de grandes rebanhos de bovinos de corte