Investigation of apoptotic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant effects of Juglans regia against MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines

Cancer is one of the most common pathologies in the world, which for centuries has led to a decline in the standard of living and even death of many people. In short, cancer is a disease that occurs when mutations in genes that limit and regulate cell proliferation, survival, and movement are reflected in somatic cells. In recent years, there have been many new and promising developments in the world of science for cancer treatment. However, due to the side effects of some treatments, the cost of others, and the fact that some drugs are still in the trial phase, it has not yet reached the expected level of treatment and success. This has encouraged the scientific community to investigate natural agents due to their lower cost and limited side effects. Juglans regia L., popularly known as walnut, is a plant containing many natural compounds that have been used both as a foodstuff and for various medicinal purposes from past to present. As a result of the literature review, it is known that walnut has many medicinal and biological properties, especially anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antiallergic properties. In this study, the outer shells of J. regia were used and the components of these shells were extracted with three different solvents: methanol, ethanol, and hexane. These extracts were used in cytotoxic activity and antioxidant activity assays. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a DPPH assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined by MTT assay using a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). J. regia extracts were found to have significant cytotoxic activity on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. It has been observed that the outer bark of J. regia showed more potent anticancer effects than antioxidant activity. According to the results obtained from the study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of the outer bark of J. regia is thought to contribute significantly to the identification of new active substances for cancer treatment. Therefore, further studies are needed to fully determine the effects of the outer bark of J. regia

Antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf.

Mantarlar içerdikleri aktif bileşenler sayesinde besleyici bir gıda olarak tüketilmelerinin yanı sıra tıbbi ve tedavi edici özelliklerinden dolayı uzun yıllardır halk tarafından kullanılmaktadırlar. Mantarların immünolojik ve antikanser özelliklerinin yanı sıra antioksidan, antihipertensif, kolesterol düşürücü, karaciğer koruyucu, antifibriotik, antiinflamasyon, antidiyabetik, antiviral ve antimikrobiyal etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Yenilebilir olan mantarlardan Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. Ascomycota’ nın Helvellaceae’ye ait bir mantar türüdür. Bu çalışmada H. leucomelaena’nın metanol, etanol ve hekzan gibi çözücülerden elde edilen ekstraklarının farklı konsantrasyonları kullanılarak antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin belirlenmesi ve metanol çözücüsü kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktının farklı konsantrasyonlarının antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal aktivitesi disk difüzyon metoduna göre tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma için Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Escherichia coli ATCC25322 ve Bacillus megaterium DSM32 gibi bakteriler, fungus olarak Candida albicans FMC17 mikroorganizmaları kullanılmıştır. Antioksidan aktivitesi ise 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) yöntemine göre radikal süpürücü kapasite tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta H. leucomelaena en yüksek inhibisyon zonunu C. albicans’a karşı (16 mm) 750 µg konsantrasyonda etanol ekstresinde gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. DPPH radikalini süpürücü etkisi ise artan konsantrasyonlara bağlı olarak arttığı gözlemlenmiştirMushrooms have been used by the public for many years due to the active containts they contain as well as being consumed as a nutritious food. It is known that mushrooms have antioxidant, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, liver-protective, antifibriotic, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic, antiviral and antimicrobial effects as well as immunological and anticancer properties. From the edible mushrooms Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. "white-footed elf cup", belong to Helvellaceae Ascomycota's is a mushroom species. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of H. leucomelaena by using different concentrations of extracts obtained from solvents such as methanol, ethanol and hexane, and to determine the antioxidant activity of different concentrations of extract obtained using methanol solvent. Antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method. For the study, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Escherichia coli ATCC25322 and Bacillus megaterium DSM32; Candida albicans FMC17 as fungi microorganisms were used. Antioxidant activity was determined according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching capacity method. As a result, H. leucomelaena showed the highest inhibition zone against C. albicans (16 mm) at 750 µg concentration in ethanol extract. The scavenging effect of DPPH radical was observed to increase depend to increasing concentrations

Determination of cytotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Aloe vera and Abies cilicia subsp. cilicica

Cancer is one of the most common pathologies in the world, leading to a reduced standard of living and even death for centuries. Despite promising developments in treatment methods in recent years, the expected level of treatment and success hasn’t yet been achieved due to the side effects and cost of treatment methods and the fact that some drugs are still in the trial phase. This situation has encouraged the scientific community to search for natural agents with lower costs and limited side effects. Abies cilicica, also known as fir, and Aloe vera has been used in both food and traditional medicine from the past to the present. In the literature review, it was found that both A. vera and A. cilicica have many beneficial effects, especially anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and wound-healing properties. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic/necrotic effects of extracts of A. vera from Asphodelaceae and A. cilicica (Ant. Et Kotschy.) subsp. cilicica Carr. from Pinaceae. The best antimicrobial activity was observed against Escerichia coli with a zone diameter of 20.00 ± 3.59 mm and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone diameter of 21 ± 5.35 mm. 2KA showed the best effect on antioxidant activity. 2MA + 2KSA showed significant cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. IC50 values of 1EA + 1KA extract (whole A. cilicica and A. vera dissolved in ethanol) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 458.29 ± 19.01 µg/ml) and MCF-7 cell line (IC50 596.03 ± 5.56 µg/ml) were determined. According to the data obtained from the study, A. vera and A. cilicica were found to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects both alone and synergistically. It is predicted that they can be used especially in cancer treatment

Analysis of Two Protocols Using EPC Gen-2 Tags for Safe Inpatient Medication

The number of people suffering due to wrong medication is increasing. A hospital-wide ubiquitous system can prevent inpatient medication errors. A correctly designed system guarantees the correct medicine and dosage administration, at the correct time. Such a system also helps tracing the location, time of errors and generates fast alarms to prevent harm to patients. Two proposals using UHF passive radio frequency identification tags have been made. But the proposed schemes give away critical patient information, raising privacy and intentional harm concerns. This work studies the proposals and demonstrates a new full-disclosure attack, on both. In addition, the weaknesses of protocols using the PRNG and CRC functions as encryption algorithms are studied. A conclusion is drawn about the suitability of grouping proofs and other protocols using the EPC Global Class-1 Generation-2 tags, in patient medication

Cryptographically Supported NFC Tags in Medication for Better Inpatient Safety

Reliable sources report that errors in drug administration are increasing the number of harmed or killed inpatients, during healthcare. This development is in contradiction to patient safety norms. A correctly designed hospital-wide ubiquitous system, using advanced inpatient identification and matching techniques, should provide correct medicine and dosage at the right time. Researchers are still making grouping proof protocol proposals based on the EPC Global Class 1 Generation 2 ver. 1.2 standard tags, for drug administration. Analyses show that such protocols make medication unsecure and hence fail to guarantee inpatient safety. Thus, the original goal of patient safety still remains. In this paper, a very recent proposal (EKATE) upgraded by a cryptographic function is shown to fall short of expectations. Then, an alternative proposal IMS-NFC which uses a more suitable and newer technology; namely Near Field Communication (NFC), is described. The proposed protocol has the additional support of stronger security primitives and it is compliant to ISO communication and security standards. Unlike previous works, the proposal is a complete ubiquitous system that guarantees full patient safety; and it is based on off-the-shelf, new technology products available in every corner of the world. To prove the claims the performance, cost, security and scope of IMS-NFC are compared with previous proposals. Evaluation shows that the proposed system has stronger security, increased patient safety and equal efficiency, at little extra cost

Security Issues of a Recent RFID Multi Tagging Protocol

RFID is now a widespread method used for identifying people and objects. But, not all communication protocols can provide the same rigorous confidentiality to RFID technology. In return, unsafe protocols put individuals and organizations into jeopardy. In this paper, a scheme that uses multiple low cost tags for identifying a single object is studied. Through algebraic analysis on chronologically ordered messages, the proposed multi tag arrangement is shown to fail to provide the claimed security. The weaknesses are discussed and previously proven precautions are recommended to increase the security of the protocol, and thus the safety of its users

CFD analyses on the thermal comfort conditions of a cooled room: A case study

Taner, Tolga ( Aksaray, Yazar )This study examined a room with a surface of 1.8 x 1.8 x 2.85 (m) and a well-insulated floor (adiabatic condition) and examined the heat exchange from the side surfaces and ceiling. In this closed room, the heat transfer effects with radiation were investigated while bringing them to comfort conditions ranging from 30 (degrees C) air temperature to 20-24 (degrees C). A computer with a power of 25 (W) as a source of heat, a person with an average metabolic activity of 50-70 (W) and a table were found in this closed room. In this study, the cooling of the room from the floor, ceiling and air conditioner was inquired while the computer was running, in a closed area under the specified heat transfer conditions. As a scenario, the air exchange coefficient was modeled via Ansys Fluent, fed with air of 15 (degrees C) with 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 air. In addition, the comfort values of the human wrist (the distance of 0.1 m) and the shoulder (the distance of 1.1 m) were researched according to ASHRAE-55. The obtained results were analyzed as a comparison of ACH results, and the comfort parameter values were analyzed by reading the sections taken from the ankle shoulder level and velocity, temperature, values according to ANSI/ASHRAE-55. The relative humidity was 50% in the room, while the metabolic activity is 1.2 (met). These parameters corresponded to the sitting position; the clothing effect was found to be 0.67 (clo). The novelty of this study encourages the production of the ideal CFD analysis on the thermal comfort conditions of a cooled room, the task of engineering