Alat Pencuci Kedelai untuk Mengurangi Kelelahan Kerja di Home Industry Tempe

Tempe is a traditional Indonesian food made from fermented soybeans, which is in great demand by the public and highly nutritious. The soybean washing process in the tempe production process is an important process because it has an impact on the quality and cleanliness of the tempe produced. The washing process was carried out twice, namely before and after the boiling process. The soybean washing process in the home industry uses simple equipment that does not support normal work positions. As a result, workers get tired easily. If it lasts for a long time, it causes permanent work-related pain. This paper describes the process of procuring an ergonomic soybean washing machine so as to reduce work fatigue. In the short term, the benefits that are immediately felt by the Home Tempe Industry business partners are that the soybean washing process becomes lighter and less tiring as before. The proposed tool can also increase production capacity because it can reduce the washing process time and worker rest time. The capacity of one washing can accommodate 50-60 kg of soybeans so that the repetition of washing becomes less and results in a shorter production process time. In the end, the production capacity per day can be increased and the productivity of the Home Tempe Industry partners also increases

Level of Knowledge on Acne Vulgaris and Its Treatment Among Undergraduates Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT Backgorund:  Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder commonly found on late teens, young adults and most patients are females. The classic pathophysiology circulates the relationship between inflammation, bacterial colonization, sebum excretion and follicular epidermal hyperproliferation. Other factors may include diet, stress level, self-hygiene, and hormones especially in female patients.  A proper diagnosis and the right treatment approach will help treat patient significantly. Sufficient knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment is important for a person to self-medicate or a visit to the dermatologist can be another option. Commonly used self-medication for acne are clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Treatment can either be single or combined therapy to achieve better results. Acne treatments might take some time to show its effects and it may also relapse. Objectives: The study aims to see the level of knowledge on acne vulgaris by the respondents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to medical undergraduates at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: 85.2% from total respondents have had acne before. 142 (55.5%) students chose to seek treatment with a dermatologist which majority of them are females (34.4%). Female students contribute the most with 160 responses. Most respondents are from age category of 16 to 21 (75.4%). Conclusion: Students do have the knowledge on acne vulgaris and its treatment hence almost half of them chose to self-medicate. Students are also aware that other treatment options are available. Keywords: acne vulgaris, behavior, Cutibacterium acnes, knowledge, treatment   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan pada remaja akhir, dewasa muda dan kebanyakan penderitanya adalah wanita. Patofisiologi klasik mengedarkan hubungan antara peradangan, kolonisasi bakteri, ekskresi sebum dan hiperproliferasi epidermal folikel. Faktor lain mungkin termasuk diet, tingkat stres, kebersihan diri dan hormon terutama pada pasien wanita. Diagnosis yang tepat dan pendekatan pengobatan yang tepat akan membantu merawat pasien secara signifikan. Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya penting bagi seseorang untuk mengobati sendiri atau kunjungan ke dokter kulit bisa menjadi pilihan lain. Pengobatan sendiri yang umum digunakan untuk jerawat adalah klindamisin dan benzoil peroksida (BPO). Perawatan dapat berupa terapi tunggal atau kombinasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Perawatan jerawat mungkin membutuhkan waktu untuk menunjukkan efeknya dan mungkin juga kambuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan akne pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Metode: Menggunakan metode desain penelitian potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Hasil: 85,2% dari total responden pernah menderita akne sebelumnya. 142 (55,5%) mahasiswa memilih berobat ke dokter spesialis kulit dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (34,4%). Mahasiswa perempuan berkontribusi paling banyak dengan 160 respon. Responden terbanyak adalah dari kelompok usia 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun (75,4%). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan tentang akne vulgaris dan pengobatannya sehingga hampir separuh dari mereka memilih untuk berobat sendiri. Siswa juga menyadari bahwa pilihan pengobatan lain tersedia. Kata Kunci: akne vulgaris, Cutibacterium acnes, over-the-counter, pengetahuan, perilak

The Relation between Healing Time and Patient’s Characteristic in the Treatment of Common Warts with the Application of 80% Phenol Solution

Background: Common warts are skin diseases which caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There are many modalities treatment for common warts, one of them is the application of 80% phenol solution that is classified as topical treatment. Purpose: To determine the healing time in treatment of common warts with the application of 80% phenol solution and it’s relation with age and sex of the patients. Methods: Open clinical trial was done at Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan and H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from February to June 2013 on 17 patients with common warts. The application of 80% phenol solution was performed on patients and continued every week until complete regression, maximum of 6 weeks. Follow up was carried out every week for six weeks to observe healing time. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with α=0,05. Result: After six weeks, 11 patients (64,7%) were healed. Healing time was varied from 3 to 6 weeks, mostly 4 weeks (45,4%). Result of Mann-Whitney test showed statistically significant relationship between healing time and age (p=0,027) whereas the healing time were faster on patient 14 years and older, and no relation between healing time and sex (p=0,422). Conclusion: There was relation between healing time in application of 80% phenol solution with age in treatment of common warts and no relation with the sex of the patient. Key words: common warts, 80% phenol solution

Hubungan Pengetahuan Anak tentang Cuci Tangan dengan Kejadian Diare di Desa Panobasan

Background: Diarrhea is a condition in which feces are discharged from the bowel in loose consistency or even liquid form, and the frequency is usually more often ( usually three times or more) in one day. Non-hygienic lifestyles, such as not washing hands before consuming food and after doing activities can cause negative impact to health, particularly the occurrence of diseases that related to poor sanitation, such as diarrhea. The prevalence are more common by 10 % in rural areas compared to 7.4% in urban areas. Incidence rate in diarrhea tends to be higher in group with lower education whom work as farmer, fisherman, or labor. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship of childrend`s knowledge about hand washing and diarrhea occurence. Methods: This study is an  analytic study with a cross sectional design. The data is primary data that were collected directly from respondents through questionnaire. The respondents were chosen by stratified random sampling method. Results: From data of 35 respondents, the p-value 0.005 ( p <0.05), PR value 0.364 ( 0.177 – 0.749). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between childrend`s knowledge about hand washing with diarrhea in Panobasan village. Keywords: children's knowledge, diarrhea, hand washing     Latar Belakang: Diare adalah suatu kondisi dimana seseorang buang air besar dengan konsistensi lembek atau cair, bahkan dapat berupa air saja dan frekuensinya lebih sering (biasanya tiga kali atau lebih) dalam satu hari. Kebiasaan kurang higienis berupa tidak mencuci tangan sebelum makan atau tidak mencuci tangan setelah melakukan aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan masyarakat, terutama munculnya penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang rendah salah satunya yaitu diare. Prevalensi diare lebih banyak di pedesaan dibandingkan perkotaan, yaitu sebesar 10% di pedesaan dan 7,4 % di perkotaan. Diare cenderung lebih tinggi pada kelompok pendidikan rendah dan bekerja sebagai petani, nelayan dan buruh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah data primer, yaitu data yang diperoleh langsung dari sampel menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan cara stratified random sampling. Hasil: Dari 135 responden, hubungan pengetahuan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare didapatkan hasil  dengan nilai p = 0,005 (p < 0,05), dan nilai PR = 0,364 (0,177 – 0,749). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahauan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare di desa Panobasan. Kata kunci: cuci tangan, diare, pengetahuan ana

A Study of Selenium in Leprosy

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Selenium, on the other hand, is a substance, which is needed for its protective role against microorganism infection.AIM: This study aims to know the association between selenium serum levels with bacteriological index.METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study model. Sampling was done with consecutive sampling method in Pirngadi General Hospital, Lau Simomo Leprosy Hospital and H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Samples were taken from patients’ venous blood serum then selenium levels were measured.RESULTS: This study found 30 leprosy patients consisted of 19 patients with paucibacillary (PB) leprosy and 11 patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Selenium serum levels of patients with PB leprosy (mean = 97.16 µg/dL) were found to be significantly higher than MB leprosy (mean = 77.27 µg/dL) with p = 0.008 using t-test. The negative correlation between selenium serum levels with bacterial index in patients with leprosy was also found in this study using Spearman’s rho test (r = - 0.499, p = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: Selenium serum levels of patients with PB leprosy are higher than patients with MB leprosy, and high bacteriological index in patients with leprosy were correlated with low selenium serum levels

The Overview of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Female Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular diseases are taking an estimated 17, 9 million lives each year, 85% were caused by coronary heart disease. After menopause, there are physiological changes that occurs in women’s body that increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Risk factors associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease are, family history, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Objectives: To examine the risk factors associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women at RSUP Haji Adam Malik in 2021. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with cross sectional design and retrospective approach, carried out at RSUP Haji Adam Malik. The data were taken from 1 January-31 December 2021. Results: The results showed that out of 75 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who suffered from CHD, 61 patients (81,3%) were >50 years old, 3 patients (4%) had a family history of CHD, 53 patients (70,7%) had hypertension, 45 patients (60%) had diabetes, 58 patients (77,3%) with dyslipidemia, 10 patients (13,3%) were obese, and 14 patients (18,7%) had a history of smoking. Conclusion: Risk factors for CHD in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, are having a family history of CHD, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Keywords: coronary heart disease, risk factors, perimenopausal women, postmenopausal women, women with CHD   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penyakit kardiovaskular menyebabkan kematian 17,9 juta penduduk dunia setiap tahunnya, dan 85% diantaranya disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner. Pada wanita yang telah mengalami menopause, terjadi perubahan fisiologis pada tubuh wanita sehingga risiko penyakit jantung koroner meningkat. Faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner antara lain, usia, riwayat keluarga, hipertensi, diabetes, dislipidemia, obesitas, dan merokok. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien wanita perimenopause dan postmenopause di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan pada tahun 2021. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan retrospektif, yang dilakukan di RSUP H. Adam Malik. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari 75 orang wanita perimenopause dan postmenopause yang menderita PJK, sebanyak 61 pasien (81,3%) berusia >50 tahun, 3 pasien (4%) memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan PJK, 53 pasien (70,7%) menderita hipertensi, 45 pasien (60%) menderita diabetes, 58 pasien (77,3%) mengalami dislipidemia, 10 pasien (13,3%) mengalami obesitas, dan 14 pasien (18,7%) memiliki riwayat merokok. Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko PJK pada wanita perimenopause dan postmenopause, meliputi riwayat keluarga, usia, hipertensi, diabetes, dislipidemia, obesitas, dan merokok. Kata Kunci: faktor risiko, penyakit jantung koroner, wanita dengan PJK, wanita perimenopause, wanita postmenopaus

Gambaran Stretch Mark pada Siswi SMA Global Prima National Plus School

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Stretch mark merupakan jenis skar atrofi pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh peregangan kulit yang berlebihan. Karakteristik stretch mark bervariasi tahap awal yaitu striae rubrae yang berwarna kemerahan, hingga tahap kronis yaitu striae albae, stretch mark yang halus dan berwarna putih. Prevalensi stretch mark pada populasi remaja dilaporkan berkisar antara 6% hingga 86%. Hal ini dapat terjadi diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor sehingga gambaran stretch mark pada remaja perempuan penting diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran stretch mark pada siswi SMA Global Prima National Plus School. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional study. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas XII SMA Global Prima National Plus School sebanyak 47 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar penelitian yang ditanyakan langsung kepada subjek penelitian lalu dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan fisik pada subjek penelitian secara langsung. Hasil. Stretch mark dijumpai pada 38 siswi dari 47 siswi dengan distribusi paling banyak pada usia 17 tahun (66%) dan reponden dengan usia menarche normal (51,1%) regio stretch mark terbanyak pada regio femur (25,4%) dan jenis stretch mark terbanyak yaitu striae albae (82,5%). Kesimpulan. Secara keseluruhan, sebagian besar subjek penelitian memiliki stretch mark, dimana paling banyak dijumpai pada subjek penelitian dengan IMT kategori normal dan pada subjek penelitian dengan riwayat keluarga memiliki stretch mark. Kata Kunci: Gambaran, stretch mark, striae albae, striae rubrae.   ABSTRACT Background. Stretch mark is a a type of atrophic scar that was caused by excessive stretching of the skin. Stretch mark vary in the early stages as striae rubrae, are characterized with redness and the chronic stage, striae albae which appears white and wrinkly. The prevalence of stretch marks in the adolescent population reportedly ranged from 6% to 86%. This can occur due to several factors so that the picture of stretch marks in adolescent girls is important to know. Aim of this study is to describing stretch mark in Global Prima National Plus School high school students. Methods.This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional study design. The sample in this study were 47 students of SMA Global Prima National Plus School who met the inclusion criteria by using the purposive sampling method. Data acquired by using a research sheet that was asked directly to the research subject followed by physical examination of the research subject directly. Results. Stretch marks were found in 38 students from 47 students with the most distribution at the age of 17 years (66%) and research subject with normal menarche (51.1%) the most common location of stretch marks are in the femur region (25.4%) and the most common types of stretch marks are striae albae (82.5%). Conclusion. Overall, most of the research subjects had stretch marks, where majority of the research subjects had normal BMI with family history of stretch marks with normal BMI and in the research subjects with a family history of stretch marks. Key words: Descriptive,  Stretch mark, striae albae, straie rubrae

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Pemilihan Pengobatan Ketombe pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara

Latar Belakang. Ketombe merupakan gangguan kulit kepala yang ditandai dengan pengelupasan abnormal pada kulit kepala. Ada tiga penyebab utama yang menimbulkan ketombe yaitu jamur Malassezia, sekresi kelenjar sebasea, dan sensitivitas individu. Berbagai macam pengobatan telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah ketombe. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan pemilihan pengobatan ketombe pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara Angkatan. Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif menggunakan metode pendekatan studi potong-lintang. Sampel penelitian merupakan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online melalui Google form dan QR Code. Hasil. Didapatkan mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang ketombe (92,1%). Berdasarkan pemilihan pengobatan ketombe, sumber informasi didapatkan melalui media elektronik (84,2%), tempat membeli obat di swalayan/mal (72,6%), cara memilih pengobatan ketombe hanya menggunakan sampo saja (63,7%), faktor pemilihan pengobatan ketombe karena mudah didapatkan (71,1%), alasan pemilihan pengobatan ketombe karena kandungan yang terdapat di dalam sampo sangat bagus (58,4%), bahan yang dipilih dalam pemilihan pengobatan ketombe menggunakan bahan alami dan bahan kimia (51,1%). Kesimpulan. Tingkat Pengetahuan mahasiswa baik tentang ketombe. Berdasarkan pemilihan pengobatan ketombe, sumber informasi yang paling banyak didapatkan responden melalui media elektronik, tempat responden membeli obat paling banyak di swalayan/mal, cara responden dalam memilih pengobatan ketombe paling banyak hanya menggunakan sampo, faktor pemilihan pengobatan ketombe responden paling banyak karena mudah didapatkan, alasan pemilihan pengobatan ketombe responden paling banyak karena kandungan yang terdapat dalam sampo sangat bagus, bahan yang dipilih responden dalam pemilihan pengobatan ketombe paling banyak menggunakan bahan alami dan bahan kimia. &nbsp