Análise histórica da linha de costa e dos padrões hidrodinâmicos e de transporte de sedimentos da Praia da Armação, Ilha de Santa Catarina - SC

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2013.A praia da Armação vem sofrendo com um intenso processo erosivo, especialmente no setor sul da praia. Em 2010, ondas de alto nível energético associadas a uma elevada maré meteorológica atingiram toda a praia, destruindo mais de 70 casas. A prefeitura então decretou estado de emergência e iniciou obra emergencial de proteção. Partindo desta problemática, este trabalho se propôs a estudar os processos hidrodinâmicos e morfológicos que regem a praia da Armação, a fim de identificar as possíveis causas desta erosão e gerar informações que possam auxiliar em intervenções futuras de recuperação. Foram levantadas informações de evolução da ocupação urbana, taxas de variação da linha de costa, granulometria, perfil praial e clima de ondas. A partir destas informações foi possível começar a entender os processos ocorrentes na enseada, além destas serem utilizadas na modelagem de propagação de ondas e de transporte sedimentar e morfologia, realizada através do modelo numérico Delft3D. Para a modelagem de 30 anos de dados de ondas, foram selecionados 12 casos de ondas representativos para a região de interesse. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema praial da praia da Armação sofre influência de 4 sistemas de ondas principais: nordeste, leste, sudeste e sul. Sendo os sistemas de sudeste e leste, além dos mais frequentes na região, os que possuem maior capacidade de transportar sedimentos na área de estudo. O transporte sedimentar gerado pelo sistema de ondas de sudeste tem direção de sul pra norte com uma magnitude de até 1 m³/m/hora para ondas de 1 m. Já as ondas de leste geram um transporte de norte pra sul no setor norte e central, e de sul pra norte no setor sul. E são capazes de transportar até 40m³/m/hora para ondas com altura significativa de 2 metros. Os sistemas de ondas de nordeste formam correntes paralelas a costa com direção predominante de norte para sul, com magnitude inferior a 0,5 m³/m/hora para ondas até 1 metro. E as ondas de sul, das quais a enseada da Armação é extremamente protegida, transportam sedimentos apenas no setor norte e central, com magnitude de até 0,5 m³/m/hora para ondas de 1,6 metros. Ao comparar os cenários A (atual - com molhe) e B (hipotético - sem molhe) observou-se que o molhe interrompe uma corrente de sentido sul-norte proveniente da praia do Matadeiro, sendo alimentada também pelo rio Quincas D?água, e que provavelmente abastecia este setor com um significativo volume de sedimentos.Abstract : The Armação beach has suffered intense erosion, especially in the southern sector of the beach. In 2010, waves of high energy level associated with a high meteorological tide reached all the beach, destruin of more than 70 homes. The city government then declared a state of emergency and started work or emergency protection. On this issue, this work proposes to study the hydrodynamic and morphological processes that govern the Armação beach, in order to identify the possible causes of this erosion and to generate information that can assist in future interventions recovery. So information was raised for the evolution of urban occupation , rates of change of the shoreline, grain size, beach profile and wave climate. From this information it was possible to begin to understand the processes in the beach occurring, and these are used in the modeling of wave propagation and sediment transport and morphology, ob-tained through the numerical model Delft3D. For the modeling, 30 wave data were selected from 12 cases representing waves to the region of interest. The results showed that the beach system of Armação beach Frame is influenced by four main wave systems: Northeast , East, Southeast and South. As systems Ssoutheast and East, and the most frequent in the region, which have a greater capacity to transport sediments in the study area. The sediment transport sys-tem generated wave has southeast direction from South to North with a magni-tude of up to 1 m³/m/hour to 1 m waves. Already the easterly waves generate a transport from north to south in the Northern, Central, and South to North in the Southern sector. And they are capable of carrying up to 40m³/m/hour for waves with significant height of 2. The wave systems of northeastern form chains parallel to the coast with the prevailing direction from north to south, with a magnitude less than 0.5 m³/m/hour for waves up to 1. And waves south of the cove which Frame is extremely protected, carrying only sediments in the northern and central, with a magnitude of up to 0.5 m³/m/hour for waves of 1.6 meters. When comparing scenarios A (current) and B (hypothetical) observed that the pier interrupts a current from south to north beach Matadeiro, also being fed by river Quincas D', and probably supplied this sector with a signifi-cant volume of sediment

Dynamics of river plumes in the South Brazilian Bight and South Brazil

Research articleThe plumes from the rivers of the South Brazilian Bight (SBB) and South Brazil (SB) were studied using a realistic model configuration. River plume variability on continental shelves is driven by the input of river runoff into the shelf, by wind variability, and also by ambient currents and its seasonal variability, especially the Brazil Current, which are realistically modelled in this study. It is presented a simulation of 4 years using a nested configuration, which allows resolving the region around Florianópolis with very high resolution (∼150 m). The dispersion of river plumes was assessed not only with the hydrodynamical model results but also by using passive tracers whose dynamics was analyzed seasonally. Several dyes were released together with the river discharges. This approach allowed calculating the depths of the riverine freshwater, and the resulting regions affected by the plumes. Northward intrusions of waters from the southern region, under the potential influence of the distant La Plata river plume, were evaluated with a Lagrangian approach. The local river plumes are confined to the inner shelf, except south of 30°S where discharges from Lagoa dos Patos disperse over the shelf in the spring and summer. The Brazil Current flowing southward over the slope prevents the river plumes from interaction with oceanic mesoscale dynamics. The river plumes are, thus, mainly controlled by the wind forcing. The plumes from SBB are able to disperse until SB following the southward wind regime typical of the summer. And both the SB and La Plata river plumes are also able to reach SBB, forced by the northward wind typical of the winter season, until the latitude of 25.5°S. A low salinity belt (below 35) is present along the coastal region of SB and SBB year-round, supported by contributions from both the large and small rivers. The interaction between the different plumes influences the dispersion patterns, shielding the Florianṕolis coastal region from plumes of distant rivers, and dispersing the plume of SBB rivers away from Santa Catarina Island as it disperses southward during the summer months.Versión del edito

Grundsteine zur Züchtung Marssonina coronaria-robuster Apfelsorte

Seit 2010 fallen in vielen europäischen Apfelanbaugebieten einzelne Bäume oder ganze Anlagen durch einen vorzeitigen Blattfall auf. Biologisch bewirtschaftete Apfelanlagen sind dabei häufiger von dieser Pilzkrankheit betroffen als integrierte. Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wurde versucht, dem Pilz auf die Spur zu kommen und die Grundsteine für die Resistenzzüchtung zu legen

RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS VARIAÇÕES DA LINHA DE COSTA E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFODINÂMICAS DA PRAIA DA ARMAÇÃO, ILHA DE SANTA CATARINA

A Praia da Armação, localizada no sudeste de Ilha de Santa Catarina, vem sofrendo nas últimas décadas um intenso processo erosivo em especial no setor central e sul da enseada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre os padrões de deslocamento da linha de costa da Praia da Armação e suas características morfodinâmicas. Inicialmente foi realizado estudo de variação da linha de costa através de imagens aéreas de 1977, 1994, 2002 e 2009. Como caracterização morfológica foi levantada a granulometria em 5 pontos ao longo da enseada e 10 perfis praiais subaéreos em 2 períodos distintos. E, a partir de 30 anos (1980 – 2009) de dados de reanálise de ondas, caracterizou-se o clima de ondas atuantes na região nas últimas três décadas. As análises de perfis praiais e variação de linha de costa mostraram elevada instabilidade nestes aspectos morfológicos da praia ao longo do tempo. Os padrões de progradação e retração da linha de costa encontrados nas três décadas de estudo indicaram uma forte relação com o clima de ondas da região. Porém, se verifica uma perda líquida de sedimentos ao longo do tempo, que pode estar associada à intervenções antrópicas que alteraram a dinâmica natural da praia

Circulação na Plataforma Continental Interna de Santa Catarina

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2019.Este trabalho investigou os padrões de escoamento na Plataforma Continental Interna de Santa Catarina a partir de séries de dados medidos e modelagem numérica. Foram coletados dados de correntes, nível e temperatura de fundo através do fundeio de ADCP entre 30/03/2014 à 29/04/2016, a uma profundidade de 22m, em área dentro dos limites da Reserva Biológica Marinha do Arvoredo. A análise dos dados medidos indicou um escoamento resultante para sul e um padrão sazonal de estratificação da coluna d?água ligado ao padrão de correntes. Durante a primavera e verão as correntes fluem com maior intensidade para sul e a coluna d?água se estratifica com águas frias no fundo e água quente na superfície. Já durante o inverno as correntes para sul se enfraquecem ocorrendo períodos de reversão do escoamento para norte e a coluna d?água se mantem homogênea. A partir de simulações numéricas hidrodinâmicas realizadas como modelo ROMS, foi possível verificar que os padrões e variabilidades interanuais e sazonais identificados em escala regional foram também identificados na região entorno da Ilha de Santa Catarina. Ratificando a o alto nível de influência dos processos regionais nos padrões medidos em ambientes rasos sobre a Plataforma Continental Interna de Santa Catarina (PCISC). O modelo numérico ROMS e as forçantes utilizadas nas simulações representaram satisfatoriamente o escoamento e os padrões termohalinos da PCISC.Abstract: This study investigated the flow patterns in the Internal Continental Shelf of Santa Catarina from measured data series and numerical modeling. Data of currents, level and background temperature were collected through the ADCP fence between 03/30/2014 to 04/29/2016, at a depth of 22m, in an area within the limits of the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve. The analysis of the measured data indicated a resulting flow to the south and a seasonal stratification pattern of the water column connected to the current pattern. During the spring and summer the currents flow with greater intensity to the south and the column of water stratifies with cold waters in the bottom and hot water on the surface. Already during the winter the currents to the south are weakened occurring periods of reversion of the flow towards north and the water column remains homogeneous. From hydrodynamic numerical simulations performed as a ROMS model, it was possible to verify that the interannual and seasonal patterns and variabilities identified on a regional scale were also identified in the region around the Island of Santa Catarina. Ratifying the high level of influence of regional processes on the standards measured in shallow environments on the Internal Continental Shelf of Santa Catarina (PCISC). The numerical model ROMS and forces used in the simulations satisfactorily represented the flow and thermohaline patterns of the PCISC

Dynamics of riverplumes in the South Brazilian Bight and South Brazil

The plumes from the rivers of the South Brazilian Bight (SBB) and South Brazil (SB) were studied using a realistic model configuration. River plume variability on continental shelves is driven by the input of river runoff into the shelf, by wind variability, and also by ambient currents and its seasonal variability, especially the Brazil Current, which are realistically modelled in this study. It is presented a simulation of 4 years using a nested configuration, which allows resolving the region around Florianopolis with very high resolution ( ´ ∼150 m). The dispersion of river plumes was assessed not only with the hydrodynamical model results but also by using passive tracers whose dynamics was analyzed seasonally. Several dyes were released together with the river discharges. This approach allowed calculating the depths of the riverine freshwater, and the resulting regions affected by the plumes. Northward intrusions of waters from the southern region, under the potential influence of the distant La Plata river plume, were evaluated with a Lagrangian approach. The local river plumes are confined to the inner shelf, except south of 30◦S where discharges from Lagoa dos Patos disperse over the shelf in the spring and summer. The Brazil Current flowing southward over the slope prevents the river plumes from interaction with oceanic mesoscale dynamics. The river plumes are, thus, mainly controlled by the wind forcing. The plumes from SBB are able to disperse until SB following the southward wind regime typical of the summer. And both the SB and La Plata river plumes are also able to reach SBB, forced by the northward wind typical of the winter season, until the latitude of 25.5◦S. A low salinity belt (below 35) is present along the coastal region of SB and SBB year-round, supported by contributions from both the large and small rivers. The interaction between the different plumes influences the dispersion patterns, shielding the Florianpolis coastal region from plumes of distant rivers, and dispersing the plume of SBB rivers away from Santa Catarina ´ Island as it disperses southward during the summer month

Low Outcrossing from an Apple Field Trial Protected with Nets

Regulatory compliance of experimental releases into the environment of not yet approved genetically modified plants often requires implementation of measures to reduce the dispersal of reproductive material. To study the impact of nets on pollen flow in an experimental field site in Switzerland, non-GM apple varieties ‘Ladina’ and ’Nicogreen’ were planted inside and outside a netted plot, respectively. Seeds harvested from mature fruits were germinated and the paternal variety of the seedlings was determined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. We demonstrate that pollination frequency from trees inside the netted plot to trees outside over a two-year (2018 and 2019) study of 4500 seedlings is 0.6% (26 seedlings). Moreover, these outcrossing events decreased with increasing distance from the pollen donor. Over the study period, we found on average 0.9%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.09% of the seedlings derived from apples of ‘Nicogreen’ trees at 8 m, 15 m, 72 m and 117 m being generated by fertilisations of ‘Ladina’ pollen, respectively. In comparison, 48.3% (2018 season) and 75.1% (2019 season) of examined ‘Ladina’ seedlings in the netted plot originated from ‘Nicogreen’ tree pollen outside the netted plot. The results suggest that insect netting is effective in minimizing egress of apple pollen from an experimental site and that the likelihood of outcrossing is reduced further (<0.1%) when there are no compatible apple trees within a radius of 100 m of the pollen donor. These data are important for biosafety research/regulation to aid understanding of pollen flow in experimental field sites

Multiplexed SSR marker analysis of Diplocarpon coronariae reveals clonality within samples from Middle Europe and genetic distance from Asian and North American isolates

Background Apple blotch (AB) caused by Diplocarpon coronariae (Dc) has been established in Europe since 2010. AB is a serious apple disease, mostly in low input orchards and in cider production areas in Northern Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. However, the epidemiology and population genetic structure of this pathogen is unknown. Methods We developed twelve Dc-specific microsatellite markers and screened DNA of both pure fungal isolates and infected apple leaves. The marker data of 313 European samples of Dc were compared to Dc isolates from Asia (n = 7) and the USA (n = 3). Results We found 31 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in European samples, and seven additional MLGs in the Asian and USA samples. The European samples had the typical genetic signature of a recently introduced species including high clonality, a low number of private alleles and one dominant MLG across all the sampling sites. All European MLGs were genetically distant from those MLGs of Asian and USA origin. Based on the lack of linkage disequilibrium observed, there is evidence that Dc undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination in the European population, although the sexual stage (apothecia) has not been observed in Europe. Conclusions The twelve newly developed SSR markers reported here provide a useful tool to characterize the population genetic diversity and structure of Dc in Europe. Our study supports the hypothesis that Dc is a recently introduced pathogen in Europe, but of currently unknown origin. Dc has a large effective population size during field epidemics, so we believe that the pathogen has substantial evolutionary potential. Application of the SSR markers to large-scale and diverse Dc samples will help to better understand the epidemiology of AB, which has become a global apple disease, and will help guide effective mitigation strategies based on disease management and resistance breeding.ISSN:2662-404