Anthrax Edema Toxin Modulates PKA- and CREB-Dependent Signaling in Two Phases

Background: Anthrax edema toxin (EdTx) is an adenylate cyclase which operates in the perinuclear region of host cells. However, the action of EdTx is poorly understood, especially at molecular level. The ability of EdTx to modulate cAMPdependent signaling was studied in Jurkat T cells and was compared with that of other cAMP-rising agents: Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin, cholera toxin and forskolin. Methodology/Principal Findings: EdTx caused a prolonged increase of the intracellular cAMP concentration. This led to nuclear translocation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and expression of a reporter gene under control of the cAMP response element. Neither p90 ribosomal S6 kinase nor mitogen- and stress-activated kinase, which mediate CREB phosphorylation during T cell activation, were involved. The duration of phospho-CREB binding to chromatin correlated with the spatio-temporal rise of cAMP levels. Strikingly, EdTx pre-treated T cells were unresponsive to other stimuli involving CREB phosphorylation such as addition of forskolin or T cell receptor cross-linking. Conclusions/Significance: We concluded that, in a first intoxication phase, EdTx induces PKA-dependent signaling, which culminates in CREB phosphorylation and activation of gene transcription. Subsequently CREB phosphorylation is impaired and therefore T cells are not able to respond to cues involving CREB. The present data functionally link the perinuclea

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications

Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications

Dysfonction endothéliale et pathologies cardiovasculaires (rôle du stress oxydant et effets protecteurs des polyphénols végétaux)

STRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Toile contre dictionnaires: analyse morphologique en corpus de noms déverbaux concurrents.

Dans le cadre d'une étude à large échelle des phénomènes de concurrence en français entre procédés constructionnels susceptibles de s'appliquer à des verbes pour former des noms (conversion, suffixes -age, -ment, -tion, -ure, ...), nous nous sommes intéressés au phénomène d'apparition de nouveaux noms déverbaux sur la Toile (par nouveau, on entend ici « absent des principaux dictionnaires de langue générale synchroniques du français »). En effet, l'hypothèse sous-jacente est que le poids historique du lexique est moins prégnant lors de formations lexicales récentes, si bien qu'en travaillant sur les néologismes non encore entrés dans les dictionnaires, on a plus de chance d'observer les propriétés qui relèvent de l'application des procédés constructionnels, sans qu'elles soient brouillées par une immersion dans le lexique institutionnalisé (Plag 1999).Un des premiers résultats de cette étude, qui porte sur quelque 10 000 verbes et 19 000 noms déverbaux, indique que les procédés le plus souvent en concurrence sont les suffixes -age et ment, ce qui justifie le fait que ce soit également ce couple qui ait le plus fait l'objet d'études linguistiques comparatives (cf. Dubois 1962, Tasmowski-de Ryck 1977, et, plus récemment, Kelling 2001 et 2003, qui se fonde sur un inventaire de 400 doublets Xage/Xment construits sur la même base verbale trouvés dans FRANTEXT). C'est donc, nous aussi, la concurrence entre ces deux suffixes que nous avons décidé d'étudier, avec, pour premier objectif, de tester en contexte l'hypothèse de C. Kelling selon laquelle la concurrence age/-ment à base verbale constante est passible d'une explication en termes de proto-rôles (Dowty 1991) : selon elle, le suffixe age se combinerait avec des bases verbales dont le premier argument est proto-agent, tandis que ment serait sensible, lui, à sa protopatience

Toile versus dictionnaires : Les nominalisations du français en-age et en-ment

International audienceWeb vs dictionaries. French nominalizations in-age and in-ment. This article addresses French suffixations in-age and-ment that form nominalizations. Our aim is to test the hypotheses about these two rules, based on occurrences collected from the Web and not found in contemporary dictionaries. Through a wide-scale study, we show that the differences between the two rules are not as obvious as expected, and that this data pleads for a perspective in which both suffixes follow a single word formation rule.Le présent travail porte sur les suffixations en -age et en -ment du français formant des nominalisations. Il a pour objectif de vérifier la validité des hypothèses auxquelles ces deux suffixations ont donné lieu, en les confrontant aux données relevées sur la Toile absentes des principaux dictionnaires de langue générale contemporains. À l'aide d'une étude en contexte à grande échelle, nous montrons que la distinction théorique opérée entre les deux procédés est loin d'être aussi nette qu'attendu et que ces données plaident en faveur d'une perspective d'un traitement des suffixes-age et-ment relevant d'une même règle de construction de lexèmes

Data-Driven vs. Dictionary-based description of French nominalizations in -age and in -ment: the paradigmatic evidence

International audienc

Génération d'exercices de morphologie dérivationnelle à partir de la base Démonette

International audienceThis article presents a demonstrator that lets teachers easily create large numbers of exercises from data in the Démonette database. These exercises are intended for undergraduate students. They may include three types of questions: on individual lexemes (e.g., derived words), on sets of words from the same family whose relations need to be described, or on items coming from different families that need to be classified with respect to one or more properties. These properties may be phonemic, graphemic, categorical, morphological or semantic.Cet article présente un démonstrateur qui permet de créer facilement des énoncés d’exercices en très grand nombre à partir des données présentes dans la base de données Démonette. Dans le cas présent, ces exercices s’adressent plus spécifiquement aux étudiants de licence. Les énoncés peuvent contenir trois types de questions : sur des lexèmes (par exemple, des dérivés), sur une famille de mots dont il faut décrire les relations, ou encore sur des items provenant de différentes familles, à classer relativement à une ou des propriétés. Ces propriétés peuvent être phonémiques, graphémiques, catégorielles, morphologiques ou sémantiques