Synthesis of epoxy-mycolic acids

Abstract Mycolic acids are major components of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. They are usually long chain high molecular mass branched ~- hydroxy fatty acids, containing 70-90 carbons, a-alkyl (C22-C24) and containing different functionalities in the main chain. Their presence is thought to explain the characteristic resistance of these mycobacteria to most antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents. Synthetic mycolic acids have applications in the detection and treatment of tuberculosis and in the treatment of asthma. This P!oject consists of three parts. The first part was to synthesise (R,R)-epoxy-trans-alkene-mycolic acid (I) and (S,S)-epoxy-trans-alkene-mycolic acid (11). The target for this part of the project was an epoxy-mycolate present in the cell wall of Mycobacterium fortuitum. Two synthetic stereoisomers (I) and (11) were compared by 'n and l3C NMR spectra with natural epoxy-trans-alkene mycolic acid and the stereochemistry of natural mycolic acid was also proved to be as in compound (11). The second part was to synthesise (S,R)-eis- cyclopropane (R,R)-epoxy-mycolic acid (Ill) and (S,R)-cis-cyclopropane (S,S)-epoxy- mycolic acid (IV) from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Two synthetic stereoisomers (Ill) and (IV) were compared by proton NMR spectroscopy with natural eis-cyclopropane epoxy mycolic acid isolated from M smegmatis. The third part was to synthesise (E/Z)- (R,R)-epoxy-alkene mycolic acid methyl ester (V) and (E/Z)-(S,S)-epoxy-alkene mycolic acid methyl ester (VI) from M smegmatis. An attempt was made to separate the (E/Z)-alkene-epoxy mycolic, acid methyl esters by silver ion TLC but was not successful.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Microscopic calculations of quadrupole moments in Li and B isotopes

Quadrupole moments and effective charges are calculated for Li (A = 7, 8, 9, 11) and B (A = 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) isotopes based on the shell model with p and large basis spsdpf-shell model spaces. Excitations out of major shell space are taken into account through a microscopic theory which allows particle-hole excitations from the core and model space orbits to all higher orbits with 6ħω excitations. Effective charges are obtained for the neutron-rich Li and B isotopes which are smaller than the standard values for the stable p- and sd-shell nuclei. Our calculated Q moments agree very well with the experimentally observed trends of the recent experimental data

Studying the Reality of Physical Therapy for Iraqi Premier League Football Players

The research included four chapters, where the first chapter included a definition of the research from the introduction to the research and its importance. It touched on the importance of physical therapy in treating sports injuries and its possibilities in working on the return of the athlete to practicing sports activity and returning to training, as well as to competition and optimal practice in football matches. Obstacles that accompany physical therapy in clubs and raise awareness of players and their coaches about the importance of physical therapy and its important role in treating and rehabilitating sports injuries and preparing different parts of the body for physical work after injury. Iraqi Premier League clubs in football, and the third chapter included presenting the results obtained by the researcher and analyzing them through appropriate statistical treatments and discussing them in a precise scientific discussion. Al Mumtaz for devices (electrical stimulation, heat, etc.) Cooling, massage devices) and building a scale of obstacles that accompany physical therapy for the players of the Iraqi Football Premier League

A new Internet of Things based optimization scheme of residential demand side management system

The steady increase in the energy demand and the growing carbon footprint has forced electricity-based utilities to shift from their use of non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the integration of renewable energy sources in the electric grid. Hence, one needs to manage the energy consumption needs of the consumers, more effectively. Consumers can connect all the devices and houses to the internet by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this study, the researchers have developed and proposed a novel 2-stage hybrid method that schedules the power consumption of the houses possessing a distributed energy generation and storage system. Stage 1 modeled the non-identical Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) that can contain the DGS like WT and PV. The HEMS organise the controllable appliances after taking into consideration the user preferences, electricity prices and the amount of energy produced /stored. The set of optimal consumption schedules for every HEMS was estimated using a BPSO and BSA. On the other hand, Stage 2 includes a Multi-Agent-System (MAS) based on the IoT. The system comprises two portions: software and hardware. The hardware comprises the Base Station Unit (BSU) and many Terminal Units (TUs)