DataSheet1_Exploring the evolution of CHS gene family in plants.ZIP

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. It plays a vital role not only in maintaining plant growth and development, but also in regulating plant response to environmental hazards. However, the systematic phylogenomic analysis of CHS gene family in a wide range of plant species has not been reported yet. To fill this knowledge gap, a large-scale investigation of CHS genes was performed in 178 plant species covering green algae to dicotyledons. A total of 2,011 CHS and 293 CHS-like genes were identified and phylogenetically divided into four groups, respectively. Gene distribution patterns across the plant kingdom revealed the origin of CHS can be traced back to before the rise of algae. The gene length varied largely in different species, while the exon structure was relatively conserved. Selection pressure analysis also indicated the conserved features of CHS genes on evolutionary time scales. Moreover, our synteny analysis pinpointed that, besides genome-wide duplication and tandem duplication, lineage specific transposition events also occurred in the evolutionary trajectory of CHS gene family. This work provides novel insights into the evolution of CHS gene family and may facilitate further research to better understand the regulatory mechanism of traits relating to flavonoid biosynthesis in diverse plants.</p

Increased microRNA-630 expression in gastric cancer is associated with poor overall survival.

MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes during cancer progression. Among various microRNAs, MiR-630 has recently been identified to be implicated in many critical processes in human malignancies. We aimed to investigate the significance and prognostic value of miR-630 in human gastric cancer. Gastric cancer and adjacent normal specimens from 236 patients from who had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were collected. The expression of miR-630 was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR assay and its association with overall survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. MiR-630 expression level was significantly elevated in gastric cancer in comparison to adjacent normal specimens. It is also proved that miR-630 expression was to be associated with gastric cancer invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. In addition, survival analysis proved that elevated miR-630 expression was associated with poor overall survival of patients. Multivariate survival analysis also proved that miR-630 was an independent prognostic marker after adjusted for known prognostic factors. The present study proved the over-expression of miR-630 and its association with tumor progression in human gastric cancer. It also provided the first evidence that miR-630 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer, which might be a potential valuable biomarker for gastric cancer

The Comparison between Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Surgery in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aims. There are two treatment modalities for early gastric cancer (EGC)—surgery and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of ESD with surgery. Method. The article was performed by searching PubMed databases. Data were extracted using predefined form and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated and P value. Results. 13 studies were identified. The incidence of perforation in two groups was different [OR = 6.18 (95% CI: 1.37–27.98), P=0.02]. The prevalences of synchronous and metachronous cancer in the ESD group were higher than those in the surgery group [OR = 8.52 (95% CI: 1.99–36.56), P = 0.004 and OR = 7.15 (95% CI: 2.95–17.32), P<0.0001]. The recurrence and complete resection rates were different [OR = 6.93 (95% CI: 2.83–16.96), P<0.0001 and OR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.20–0.52), P<0.00001]. Compared with the surgery group, the hospital stay was shorter [IV = −7.15 (95% CI: −9.08–5.22), P<0.00001], the adverse event rate was lower, and the quality of life (QOL) was better in the ESD group. The difference of bleeding was not found. Conclusion. ESD appears to be preferable for EGC, due to a lower rate of adverse events, shorter hospital stay, cheaper cost, and higher QOL

Deep eutectic solvents as efficient extractants of caffeoylquinic acids from Blumea aromatica: A comparative analysis of content and antioxidant potential

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the extraction efficiency and antioxidant potential of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) from Blumea aromatica using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and traditional solvents. Utilizing UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, the quantification of seven CQAs revealed concentrations ranging from 0.46 to 7.60 mg/g, with 1,5-diCQA identified as the most abundant. DESs demonstrated significant advantages (P < 0.05) over traditional solvents. The optimal extraction occurred with DES-6 (choline chloride / 1,4-butanediol) for 3-CQA (4.71 ± 0.31 mg/g) and 4,5-diCQA (2.28 ± 0.19 mg/g), DES-7 (choline chloride / oxalic acid) for 4-CQA (2.05 ± 0.05 mg/g), and DES-5 (choline chloride / glycerol) for 5-CQA (1.70 ± 0.14 mg/g). Antioxidant activity assessment through DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays indicated that DES extracts outperformed conventional solvents. Notably, DES-3 (choline chloride / ethylene glycol) displayed remarkable activity, with IC50 values of 197.36 ± 1.05 and 14.86 ± 3.33 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. DES-6 exhibited the highest reducing power. Correlation analysis established positive relationships between phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity, notably for 3-CQA and 5-CQA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Additionally, 4-CQA, 1,3-diCQA, 3,4-diCQA, and 4,5-diCQA displayed specific and correlated antioxidant activities. Crucially, the environmentally friendly DESs extraction method proposed in this study offers a sustainable approach for obtaining CQAs from B. aromatica, concurrently ensuring their antioxidant potential is fully realized. This research not only advances our understanding of B. aromatica but also highlights a green and efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries

Relationship between CD147 staining and clinicopathological characteristics.

<p>*<i>P</i> value was estimated by Mann Whitney test.</p>†<p><i>P</i> value was estimated by Kruskal Wallis test.</p

Immunohistochemistry staining pattern of CD147 in gastric cancer (×200).

<p><b>A</b> Negative staining (−) of CD147 in gastric cancer; <b>B</b> Weak positive staining (+) of CD147 in gastric cancer; <b>C</b> Moderate positive staining (++) of CD147 in gastric cancer; <b>D</b> Strong positive staining (+++) of CD147 in gastric cancer.</p

Association between CD147 and clinical factors with overall survival.

<p>*Hazard ratios in univariate models.</p>†<p>Hazard ratios in multivariable models.</p><p>Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p

Association between CD147 and clinical factors with disease-free survival.

<p>*Hazard ratios in univariate models.</p>†<p>Hazard ratios in multivariable models.</p><p>Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p

Identification and distribution of thioredoxin-like 2 as the antigen for the monoclonal antibody MC3 specific to colorectal cancer

10 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.MC3 is a colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific mAb previously prepared in our laboratory that can detect CRC with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the target antigen for MC3 had not been identified due to technological limitations. In the present study, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed the expression patterns of MC3 antigen (MC3-Ag) in colon cancer cell lines and CRC tissues. Western blotting analysis showed that the MC3 antibody reproducibly recognized two ∼30 kDa proteins in the total cell lysates of human colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and HT-29. Using a proteomic approach, we identified two MC3 immunoreactive spots as two isoforms of thioredoxin-like 2 (Txl-2) protein. Further paired immunostaining showed that Txl-2 had the same expression profile as probed by the MC3 antibody. Western blotting also showed that both antibodies could detect the same two bands, further verifying that Txl-2 is the antigen of MC3 antibody. Additionally, tissue arrays revealed the expression patterns of Txl-2 in various normal and cancer tissues. Further analysis showed that Txl-2 mRNA was elevated in 18 cases of CRC tissues compared to paracancerous tissues and adjacent normal tissues.This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30672399) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA02A253).Peer reviewe