Changes in Shear Force and Inward Pressure inside Plug-fit Sockets Due to Flexion and Extension of the Elbow Joint

This study measured shear force and pressure of prosthesis sockets and compared sockets made from conventional hard acrylic resin with soft material. In addition, we also examined how the acrylic resin of the socket influences the decision to put on an elbow system prosthesis. We found that the soft socket extended the range of motion of the elbow joint and permitted movement of the soft tissue to a greater extent than the hard socket. Furthermore, the movable range of the elbow joint widened as the shape of the socket itself changed

Live visualizations of single isolated tubulin protein self-assembly via tunneling current: effect of electromagnetic pumping during spontaneous growth of microtubule

As we bring tubulin protein molecules one by one into the vicinity, they self-assemble and entire event we capture live via quantum tunneling. We observe how these molecules form a linear chain and then chains self-assemble into 2D sheet, an essential for microtubule, —fundamental nano-tube in a cellular life form. Even without using GTP, or any chemical reaction, but applying particular ac signal using specially designed antenna around atomic sharp tip we could carry out the self-assembly, however, if there is no electromagnetic pumping, no self-assembly is observed. In order to verify this atomic scale observation, we have built an artificial cell-like environment with nano-scale engineering and repeated spontaneous growth of tubulin protein to its complex with and without electromagnetic signal. We used 64 combinations of plant, animal and fungi tubulins and several doping molecules used as drug, and repeatedly observed that the long reported common frequency region where protein folds mechanically and its structures vibrate electromagnetically. Under pumping, the growth process exhibits a unique organized behavior unprecedented otherwise. Thus, “common frequency point” is proposed as a tool to regulate protein complex related diseases in the future.Japan. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) (FA2386-11-1-0001AOARD104173)Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) (FA2386-10-1-4059 AOARD-10-4059