PRELIMINARY EVALUATION TOOLS FOR WIND-PUMPED STORAGE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM

Energy demand never ceases to increase with larger cities, urbanization and migration to the cities. However, supplying the remaining and important rural areas with electricity remains costly. Exploring the off-grid energy generation is therefore a promising solution. After an exhaustive qualitative evaluation on different energy generation system, this study has chosen the Wind-Pumped Storage Hybrid (WPSH) system to be evaluated. A simulation tool was built to take the wind energy and convert it into pumping power to store water in a reservoir that will supply a hydro-turbine, generating electricity to a domestic area. A preliminary evaluation was done in Kajang for a selected day of July 20 2020. The result shows that the wind fluctuations and energy demand fluctuations affect the WPSH system’s capability to deliver sufficient energy through 24 hours. During the day, the amount of water accumulated in the reservoir is insufficient to meet the energy demand. It is only after 7.00 p.m that the system will be able to meet the demand and reserve a surplus of water in the reservoir

Finite element analysis of impact energy on spur gear

In high-speed gear drive and power transmission, system impact failure mode always occurs due to the sudden impact and shock loading during the system in running. Therefore, study on the amount of impact energy that can be absorbed by a gear is vital. Impact test equipment has been designed and modelled for the purpose to study the impact energy on gear tooth. This paper mainly focused on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of impact energy that occurred during simulation involving the impact test equipment modelling. The simulation was conducted using Abaqus software on critical parts of the test equipment to simulate the impact event and generate impact data for analysis. The load cell in the model was assumed to be free fall at a certain height which gives impact load to the test gear. Three different type of material for the test gear were set up in this simulation. Results from the simulation show that each material possesses different impact energy characteristic. Impact energy values increased along with the height of load drop. AISI 1040 were found to be the toughest material at 3.0m drop that could withstand up to 44.87N.m of impact energy. These data will be used to validate data in physical experiments in further study

End-mill carbide tool wear in machining metallic biomaterial

Machining of metallic biomaterials causes a slew of issues, including cutting tool wear and poor surface quality owing to inefficient tool design, which leads to excessive heat output. The objective of the research is to evaluate the wear of developed of uncoated carbide endmill tool with rake angle varied from positive to negative value in dry machining Stellite 21. The fabricated endmill is tested at Fanuc Robodill α-T14iFb with cutting conditions parameters are kept constant; including cutting speed (Vc): 60 m/min, feed rate (f): 153 mm/rev, and depth of cut (ap): 0.2 mm, throughout the cutting trials. The accuracy of fabricated endmill, wear mechanism, cutting force, and surface roughness were measured using Dino-Lite Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Neo-Momac Dynamometer and Mitutoyo Surface Profiler, respectively. The result shows that by using a positive rake angle, the phenomenon of tool wear is reduced, and directly reducing the surface roughness and cutting force. Based on energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) element analysis, presence of oxygen in the cutting process which indicates the occurrence of oxidation wear on cutting tool. Extended observation of wear mechanism show high content of chromium on the flank face is revealed that indicated the diffusion wear on tools has occurred. In conclusion, the enhancement of tool geometry of endmill cutting tool is a key step toward sustainable manufacturing of high-end applications in biomedical industries

A prediction of graphene nanoplatelets addition effects on diesel engine emissions

There are numerous methods for reducing diesel exhaust emissions. Engine modifications, combustion optimization, and exhaust gas treatment are all popular methods. Another proven method uses fuel additives, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, and magnesium oxide. Those additives are proven to reduce measured emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide successfully; however, there are still concerns about the toxicity of the emissions, which could harm human health. As a result, carbon nanoparticles have been introduced as a fuel additive due to their low risk to human health. Because of advancements in graphene research, a few researchers began investigating the implications of using graphene nanoplatelets as a fuel additive. The study’s findings appeared to be encouraging. However, no additional research has been identified to forecast the impact on engine emissions other than analyzing the effects of graphene additives on engine emissions. The goal of this study is to forecast the effects of graphene nanoplatelets on diesel engine emissions. The emission parameters of the trial were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide. The factors considered in the experiment are speed, load, and blend concentration. Response surface methodology and contour plots were generated using Minitab software. The results show that the prediction model’s accuracy is within 10% of the experimental data

Experimental evaluation of temperature distribution in armature of a brushed dc machine using thermal imaging

Monitoring the temperature on a rotating armature is necessary to ensure that the maximum temperature permissible by the conductor's insulation class is not exceeded. In a brushed dc machine, the closest location in direct contact with the armature that can be instrumented using thermocouples are the brush and bearing. However, the temperature measured is lower compared to the armature temperature. This paper presents an evaluation on the temperature distribution of an armature of a 250W brushed DC machine using thermal imaging. Using the blocked-rotor test, the temperature was raised to a steady state temperature. The thermal images are taken on the then unmounted armature winding. The temperature distribution was analyzed by identifying the maximum, minimum, and average temperature of each component. The winding, the brush, the armature core, and the commutator are the hottest components. Non-homogenous components, especially the commutator exhibits large temperature range

Stability analysis of multirotor drone with water jet payload

Multirotor stability is achieved when all rotors generate equal trust to stay hovering and throttle mode. It's required the control system algorithm for propulsion speed adjustment, which is related to translational vector and rotation angle. Even with external disturbance, control system algorithm can adjust tilting angle to stabilize quadcopter. Therefore, this study focuses on developing quadcopter with waterjet system and datalogging to analyse the flight stability. It is developed with quadcopter configuration and integrating waterjet nozzle as a payload. The process includes frame development, propulsion sizing, speed calibration for each rotor, trim calibration, and a proportional integral derivative (PID) control tuning. For data collecting, copter is equipped with data storage to store flight log in form off log file. Quadcopter is test flight outdoor to embraced wind factor. The data logger shows quadcopter tilting at certain angle cause by external forces created by waterjet