Acoustic Tests of a Flexible Spacecraft Model

Acoustic tests of flexible spacecraft mode

Estimates of nonequilibrium ionization phenomena in the inviscid Apollo plasma sheath

Nonequilibrium ionization in asymmetric plasma sheath determined for Apollo spacecraft at superorbital velocity reentr

Volume 18. Article 3. Studies on two skates: Raja erinacea Mitchill, Raja eglanteria Bosc.

https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/bulletin_yale_bingham_oceanographic_collection/1164/thumbnail.jp

Influence of mental stress and environmental toxins on circadian clocks - implications for redox regulation of the heart and cardioprotection

Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and mental stress contribute to the development of chronic non-communicable disease. Air pollution was identified as the leading health risk factor in the physical environment, followed by water pollution, soil pollution/heavy metals/chemicals and occupational exposures, however neglecting the non-chemical environmental health risk factors (e.g. mental stress and noise). Epidemiological data suggest that environmental risk factors are associated with higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic and mental diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, depression and anxiety disorders. We provide an overview on the impact of the external exposome comprising risk factors/exposures on cardiovascular health with a focus on dysregulation of stress hormones, mitochondrial function, redox balance and inflammation with special emphasis on the circadian clock. Finally, we assess the impact of circadian clock dysregulation on cardiovascular health and the potential of environment-specific preventive strategies or “chrono” therapy for cardioprotection. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc

Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution

Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or "chrono" therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 679-703

Visual ecology of aphids – a critical review on the role of colours in host finding

We review the rich literature on behavioural responses of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to stimuli of different colours. Only in one species there are adequate physiological data on spectral sensitivity to explain behaviour crisply in mechanistic terms. Because of the great interest in aphid responses to coloured targets from an evolutionary, ecological and applied perspective, there is a substantial need to expand these studies to more species of aphids, and to quantify spectral properties of stimuli rigorously. We show that aphid responses to colours, at least for some species, are likely based on a specific colour opponency mechanism, with positive input from the green domain of the spectrum and negative input from the blue and/or UV region. We further demonstrate that the usual yellow preference of aphids encountered in field experiments is not a true colour preference but involves additional brightness effects. We discuss the implications for agriculture and sensory ecology, with special respect to the recent debate on autumn leaf colouration. We illustrate that recent evolutionary theories concerning aphid–tree interactions imply far-reaching assumptions on aphid responses to colours that are not likely to hold. Finally we also discuss the implications for developing and optimising strategies of aphid control and monitoring

Translating the oxidative stress hypothesis into the clinic: NOX versus NOS

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in industrialised nations. Since the pathomechanisms of most cardiovascular diseases are not understood, the majority of therapeutic approaches are symptom-orientated. Knowing the molecular mechanism of disease would enable more targeted therapies. One postulated underlying mechanism of cardiovascular diseases is oxidative stress, i.e. the increased occurrence of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide. Oxidative stress leads to a dysfunction of vascular endothelium-dependent protective mechanisms. There is growing evidence that this scenario also involves impaired nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP signalling. Out of a number of enzyme families that can produce reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidases stand out, as they are the only enzymes whose sole purpose is to produce reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the clinically validated targets of oxidative stress, NO synthase (NOS) and the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase as well as the source of ROS, e.g. NADPH oxidases. We place recent knowledge in the function and regulation of these enzyme families into clinical perspective. For a comprehensive overview of the biology and pharmacology of oxidative stress and possible other sources and targets, we refer to other literature overviews