Chemoprotective role of diacerein in colon cancer development in animals

Orientador: José Barreto Campello CarvalheiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: A inflamação impacta diferentes fases da tumorigênese, exercendo efeitos desde a promoção tumoral, até as etapas de sobrevivência, angiogênese e metástase. O processo inflamatório crônico como ocorre nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais, retocolite ulcerativa e doença de Crohn, aumenta significativamente o risco de desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal (CCR). Dada a relevância epidemiológica do CCR em todo o mundo, o efeito do uso de agentes anti-inflamatórios na quimioprevenção do câncer associado a colite (CAC) ainda é pouco elucidado. O presente trabalho avaliou o papel da diacereína (DAR), um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal que atua inibindo a síntese da citocina pró-inflamatória IL-1?, no câncer associado a colite em animais. A DAR mostrou-se efetiva em reduzir o processo inflamatório no tecido colônico, reduzir o número e tamanho dos tumores de cólon, bem como reduzir a frequência de sangramento e diarreia nos animais com câncer de cólon induzido por azoximentano (AOM) e dextran-sulfato de sódio (DSS). O tratamento com DAR também reduziu os níveis de IL-1? e a ativação de mediadores inflamatórios intracelulares, como IKK e JNK, no cólon e em tecido tumoral, e aumentou a sobrevida dos animais. Como esperado, o tratamento com DAR não influenciou o crescimento tumoral em modelos nos quais o desenvolvimento do tumor é primariamente independente do processo inflamatório, como evidenciado nos xenoenxertos com células B16 e HT-29. A DAR não exerceu efeitos sobre os processos de proliferação e apoptose celular. Em consonância, o tratamento com DAR reduziu a atividade de proteínas envolvidas na proliferação celular, como AKT e P70 no cólon, mas não no tumor. Dessa forma, os resultados sugerem que a DAR foi capaz de atenuar o processo inflamatório mediante redução da expressão de IL-1? no cólon dos animais e consequentemente reduziu o desenvolvimento do CAC. Ademais, a DAR revela-se como um potencial agente quimiopreventivo para o câncer de cólonAbstract: Inflammation affects different stages of tumorigenesis and it exerts effects in tumor promotion, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Chronic inflammation, which occurs in inflammatory bowel disease, as ulcerative colitis and Crohn¿s disease, significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Considering the epidemiological importance of CCR throughout the world, the effect of anti-inflammatory agents in colitis associated cancer (CAC) chemoprevention is still poorly elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the role of diacerein (DAR), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory that acts inhibiting the synthesis of IL-1?, a proinflammatory cytokine, in CAC in animals. DAR showed to be effective in inhibit inflammation in colonic tissue, reduce the number and size of colon tumors as well as decrease the frequency of rectal bleeding and diarrhea in animals with colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate de sodium (DSS). In parallel, DAR treatment reduced IL-1? levels and the canonical intracellular inflammatory signaling, such as IKK and JNK, in colon and tumor tissue, as well as increased animals survival. DAR treatment did not affect cancer xenograft growth, which the tumor development is primarily independent of the inflammatory process, as evidenced by B16 and HT-29 cells xenograft. DAR did not exert effect on proliferation and apoptosis cellular. Consistently, the DAR treatment reduced the activity of proteins involved in cellular proliferation, such as p70 and AKT in colon tissue, but not in tumor. Thus, our results indicate that DAR attenuates the inflammatory process by reducing the IL-1? expression in the colon of animals, and consequently reduced the CAC development. Moreover, our data revealed DAR as a potential chemopreventive agent for colon cancerMestradoClinica MedicaMestra em Ciência

Association Between Parity, Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index And Gestational Weight Gain

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain (GWG).Methods: This observational controlled study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014, with postpartum women who started antenatal care up to 14 weeks and had full-term births. Data were collected from medical records and antenatal cards. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The significance level was 5%.Results: Data were collected from 130 primiparous and 160 multiparous women. At the beginning of prenatal care, 54.62% of the primiparous were eutrophic, while the majority of multiparous were overweight or obese (62.51%). Multiparas are two times more likely to be obese at the beginning of their pregnancies, when compared to primiparas. The average pre-pregnancy weight and final pregnancy weight was significantly higher in multiparous, however, the mean GWG was higher among primiparous.Conclusion: We found an inverse correlation between parity and the total GWG, but initial BMI was significantly higher in multiparas. Nevertheless, monitoring of the GWG through actions that promote a healthier lifestyle is needed, regardless of parity and nutritional status, in order to prevent excessive GWG and postpartum weight retention and consequently inadequate pre-pregnancy nutritional status in future pregnancies.29688088

Association Between Parity, Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index And Gestational Weight Gain.

To analyze the relationship between parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain (GWG). This observational controlled study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014, with postpartum women who started antenatal care up to 14 weeks and had full-term births. Data were collected from medical records and antenatal cards. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The significance level was 5%. Data were collected from 130 primiparous and 160 multiparous women. At the beginning of prenatal care, 54.62% of the primiparous were eutrophic, while the majority of multiparous were overweight or obese (62.51%). Multiparas are two times more likely to be obese at the beginning of their pregnancies, when compared to primiparas. The average pre-pregnancy weight and final pregnancy weight was significantly higher in multiparous, however, the mean GWG was higher among primiparous. We found an inverse correlation between parity and the total GWG, but initial BMI was significantly higher in multiparas. Nevertheless, monitoring of the GWG through actions that promote a healthier lifestyle is needed, regardless of parity and nutritional status, in order to prevent excessive GWG and postpartum weight retention and consequently inadequate pre-pregnancy nutritional status in future pregnancies.1-

Dietary intake profile in high-risk pregnant women according to the degree of food processing

Studies that address dietary intake theme during pregnancy are generally centered on specific nutrients or on dietary patterns. However, the maternal dietary profile according to the degree of food processing is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to describe the dietary profile of high-risk pregnant women according to the degree of food processing. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Prof. Dr. Jose Aristodemo Pinotti Women’s Hospital (CAISM), University of Campinas, Brazil, with high-risk pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation. Data from 125 high-risk pregnant women were collected between September 2017 and April 2019. The mean total energy intake (EI) was 1778.3 ± 495.79 kcal/day and the majority of the calories was from unprocessed foods (52.42%), followed by ultra-processed foods (25.46%). The consumption of free sugar and sodium exceeded recommendations, while the consumption of fiber, calcium, folate and iron was below recommendations. The ultra-processed foods intake affects dietary patterns negatively. More than 50% of the EI of high-risk pregnant women is from unprocessed or minimally processed foods, but it is insufficient for meeting dairy fiber, iron, folate and calcium recommendations20201

Colocando conhecimento em prática: o desafio de adquirir hábitos saudáveis durante a gravidez

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge concerning gestational weight gain (GWG), nutrition, and physical exercise (PE) in pregnant women, and how to put them into practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 61 pregnant women above 26 weeks of gestation, at the Woman's Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas. Questionnaires regarding the knowledge of healthy habits (HH) during pregnancy, sociodemographic data, and previous obstetric outcomes were applied. An educational guide with advice on HH during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was offered. Results: The average age of women was 28.7 +/- 6.23 years, with 85% of them being married; 32% nulliparous; the average body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was 25.4 +/- 9.8 kg/m(2), and the mean number of years of schooling was 11.2 +/- 3.8. Only 61% of the subjects had received any previous information about GWG during their antenatal care and were aware as to how many pounds they should gain during pregnancy. Among the 61 women, 85% understood that they did not need to "eat for 2" and 99% knew that PE had benefits for their body and was safe for their baby. Half of the women practiced PE prior to pregnancy; however, only 31% continued the practice of PE during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Despite understanding the need for HH during pregnancy, women still need encouragement to practice PE during pregnancy, as well as more information about GWG.418469475Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os conhecimentos sobre ganho de peso gestacional (GPG), nutrição, e exercício físico (EF) em gestantes e o quanto elas os colocam em prática. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital da Mulher, CAISM, Unicamp, com 61 gestantes acima das 26 semanas gestacionais. Questionários sobre conhecimento de hábitos saudáveis (HS) durante a gestação, dados sociodemográficos, e antecedentes obstétricos foram aplicados. Um guia educacional com conselhos sobre HS durante a gravidez e período pós-parto foi oferecido. Resultados: A idade média das mulheres foi de 28,7 ± 6,23 anos, sendo 85% casadas, 32% nulíparas, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio antes da gestação foi de 25,4 ± 9,8 kg/m2, e a média de anos de escolaridade foi de 11,2 ± 3,8. Apenas 61% das mulheres entrevistadas haviam recebido informações prévias sobre o GPG durante o pré-natal e sabiam quantos quilos deveriam ganhar durante a gravidez. Entre as mulheres, 85% sabiam que não precisavam “comer por dois,” e 99% sabiam que o EF tinha benefícios para seu corpo e era seguro para seu bebê. Metade das mulheres praticava EF antes da gravidez, mas apenas 31% continuaram praticando durante a gravidez. Conclusão: Apesar de compreender a necessidade de HS durante a gravidez, as mulheres ainda precisam de incentivo para praticar EF durante a gravidez, bem como mais informações sobre o GPG