Effects of Poultry, Rabbit Meat and Fish Addition on Quality Attributes of Sichuan Sausages

To balance the nutrition and improve quality of sausages. This research investigated quality improvements of Sichuan sausages by 41.5% poultry, rabbit meat and fish addition. The moisture, crude fat, crude protein contents, pH, Aw, colour, texture, TBARS, protein carbonyl, free thiol groups, fatty acids composition and sensory attributes of pork, poultry, rabbit meat and fish mixture group sausages were evaluated. The results showed that the hardness of pork and rabbit meat mixture group sausages (76.37, 68.01 kg) was significant (P<0.05) higher than that of other 2 groups. The TBARS values in poultry meat and fish mixture group sausages (0.60, 0.63 mg MDA/kg) were significant (P<0.05) higher than that of rabbit meat mixture group. Only EPA and DHA were detected in fish mixture sausages. The ∑poly unsaturated fatty acids (19.96%) and ∑n-6:∑n-3 (22) in poultry meat mixture group sausages were significant (P<0.05) higher than that of other 3 groups. The overall quality scores of poultry and rabbit meat mixture group sausages (7.33, 7.05 points) were significant (P<0.05) higher than those of fish mixture groups. The results of this study indicated that the rabbit meat mixture group sausages had improved quality attributes, the yield rate management and application of liquid fat (vegetable and fish oil) addition could improve nutrition value of Sichuan sausages in the future work. The fish mixture group sausages had better fatty acids composition, and a slightly higher fat oxidation level, thus the application of antioxidates and de-fishy substances could be added in fish-based sausages to control fat oxidation and improve whole sausage quality and sensory attributes

Role of Pirh2 in Mediating the Regulation of p53 and c-Myc

Ubiquitylation is fundamental for the regulation of the stability and function of p53 and c-Myc. The E3 ligase Pirh2 has been reported to polyubiquitylate p53 and to mediate its proteasomal degradation. Here, using Pirh2 deficient mice, we report that Pirh2 is important for the in vivo regulation of p53 stability in response to DNA damage. We also demonstrate that c-Myc is a novel interacting protein for Pirh2 and that Pirh2 mediates its polyubiquitylation and proteolysis. Pirh2 mutant mice display elevated levels of c-Myc and are predisposed for plasma cell hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. Consistent with the role p53 plays in suppressing c-Myc-induced oncogenesis, its deficiency exacerbates tumorigenesis of Pirh2−/− mice. We also report that low expression of human PIRH2 in lung, ovarian, and breast cancers correlates with decreased patients' survival. Collectively, our data reveal the in vivo roles of Pirh2 in the regulation of p53 and c-Myc stability and support its role as a tumor suppressor

Transformation of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Over Regenerated Cellulose Supported Nb2O5 center dot nH(2)O in Aqueous Solution

Niobic acid (Nb2O5 center dot nH(2)O) was immobilized on regenerated cellulose (Re-Cellulose) to afford a heterogeneous catalyst, termed Nb2O5 center dot nH(2)O@Re-Cellulose, that was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, microscopy (SEM and TEM) and spectroscopic (Raman and FTIR) techniques. The surface acidity of the catalyst was determined using FTIR spectroscopy employing pyridine as a molecular probe. The Nb2O5 center dot nH(2)O@Re-Cellulose catalyst was investigated in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous media. The catalyst can be reused several times without undergoing a significant loss in activity

Large-scaled human serum sphingolipid profiling by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring of mass spectrometry: Method development and application in hepatocellular carcinoma

Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive molecules with high structural diversity and complexity. They not only serve as integral components of cellular membrane, but also play pivotal roles in signaling and other cellular events. It is desirable for the development of sensitive, robust and structural-specific analytical approaches enabling rapid determination of as many sphingolipid species as possible. Herein we present an analytical method for large-scaled profiling of sphigolipids in human serum, which consisted of an improved extraction protocol using tert-butyl methyl ether combined with mild alkaline hydrolysis, and an ultra high performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography-dynamic multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometric (RPLC-dynamic MRM-MS) method. In total 84 endogenous sphingolipid species covering six subcategories (i.e. free sphingoid base, dihydroceramide, ceramide, hexosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and sphingomyelin), were separated and quantified in a single run within 10 min. A broad linear range over 2.5-4 orders of magnitude (r(2)>0.99), a limit of detection of 0.01-0.17 pmol/mL, and a limit of quantitation of 0.02-0.42 pmol/mL were obtained for each subcategory. Average recovery of each subcategory was within 85.6-95.6%. Median values of coefficient of variation (CV) of all detected 84 sphingolipids were 3.9% and 6.8% for intraday and interday precision, respectively. This method was exemplarily applied in a study regarding dysregulated sphingolipid homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The establishment of this method provides a useful tool for serum-based high throughput screening of sphingolipid biomarkers and mechanism investigation of sphingolipid metabolic regulation in human disease. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A smart tumor microenvironment responsive nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles for efficient multimodal imaging guided therapy

Near-infrared (NIR) light-induced imaging-guided cancer therapy has been studied extensively in recent years. Herein, we report a novel theranostic nanoplatform by modifying polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters onto mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), followed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) in the mesopores and coating a folate-chitosan shell onto the surface. In this nanoplatform, the core-shell structured UCNPs (NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Yb,Nd) showed special upconverting luminescence (UCL) when irradiated with high-penetration 808 nm NIR light, and the doped Yb and Nd ions endowed the sample with CT imaging properties, thus achieving a dual-mode imaging function. Moreover, the simultaneously generated heat mediated by the 808 nm NIR light may coordinate with the chemotherapy generated from the released DOX to realize an efficient synergistic therapy, verified by diverse in vitro and in vivo assays. The coated folate-chitosan shell can target the platform to tumor tissues when it was transported in the blood vessels and accumulated in tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). Due to the acidic and reductive microenvironment of the tumor, the DOX released quickly with the dissolved folate-chitosan shell, exhibiting obvious tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive properties. The smart imaging-guided therapeutic nanoplatform should be highly promising in TME responsive therapy

Lutecium Fluoride Hollow Mesoporous Spheres with Enhanced Up-Conversion Luminescent Bioimaging and Light-Triggered Drug Release by Gold Nanocrystals

Uniform Na₅Lu₉F₃₂ hollow mesoporous spheres (HMSs) have been successfully prepared by a facile and mild (50 °C for 5 h) coprecipitation process, and Au nanocrystals (NCs) with particle size of about 10 nm were conjugated to poly­(ether imide) (PEI) modified HMSs by electrostatic interaction. Compared with Na₅Lu₉F₃₂:Yb/Er HMSs, the up-conversion (UC) luminescence intensity of Na₅Lu₉F₃₂:Yb/Er@Au HMSs was much higher under low pump power due to the local field enhancement (LFE) of Au NCs, and there is a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect with nonradiative transitions which generates a thermal effect. These two effects have been proved by theoretical discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) simulation. The good biocompatibility of Na₅Lu₉F₃₂:Yb/Er@Au HMSs indicates them as a promising candidate in the biological field. Particularly, under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, a rapid doxorubicin (DOX) release was achieved due to the thermal effect of Au NCs. In this case, Na₅Lu₉F₃₂:Yb/Er@Au HMSs exhibit an apparent NIR light-controlled “on/off” drug release pattern. In addition, UC luminescent images uptaken by cells show brighter green and red emission under NIR laser excitation. Therefore, this novel multifunctional (mesoporous, enhanced UC luminescent, and light-triggered drug release) material should be potential as a suitable targeted cancer therapy carrier and bioimaging

Imaging-Guided and Light-Triggered Chemo-/Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy Based on Gd (III) Chelated Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Spheres

Exploring a combined anticancer therapeutic strategy to overcome the limitations of a single mode and pursue higher therapeutic efficiency is highly promising in both fundamental and clinical investigations. Herein, a theranostic nanoplatform based on mesoporous silica, which is functionalized by hybrid nanosphere photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6), photothermal agent carbon dots (CDs), and imaging agent Gd (III) ions has been rationally designed and fabricated. A thermo/pH-coupling sensitive polymer (P­(NIPAm-<i>co</i>-MAA)) coated on a composite acted as a key “gatekeeper” to control drug release at the appropriate time and location. Upon light irradiation, two-mode synergistic therapeutic effect of photodynamic and photothermal therapy can be achieved by photoactive Ce6 and CDs. Meanwhile, the CDs loaded in the channels of mesoporous silica hybrid spheres can also play a role in handling the “gatekeeper” polymer to control the drug release process. Combined with the thermo/pH-sensitive drug release-induced controllable chemotherapy, this platform shows synergistic therapeutic efficacy better than any single/dual therapy, which is confirmed with evidence from in vivo and in vitro assays. Considering the chelated Gd³⁺ simultaneously introduced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) properties, this multifunctional platform should have excellent potential in the imaging-guided cancer therapy field