Combined effect of soil practices and chemical treatments on weeds growth, soil features, and yield performance in field wheat crop under Mediterranean climate

Received: September 3rd, 2022 ; Accepted: November 15th, 2022 ; Published: December 7th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] management techniques influence the biological and physicochemical properties of the soil and lead to changes in soil quality and cover and thus on crop profitability and yield. In this study, the effects of short-term tillage and no-tillage methods combined with a chemical treatment using Glyphosate on weed abundance, selected soil physical properties and yield components were evaluated in durum wheat under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The no-tillage (NT) treatment resulted in higher weed community density during wheat cultivation and moisture consumption than the conventional tillage treatment. The tillage practice and the application of Glyphosate showed a very high efficiency on weeds. Furthermore, the results obtained showed a significant variation and effect of the treatments on the soil characteristics. The application of the no-tillage technique induced a small increase in soil moisture at the seed germination stage (25.6%), while at the last sampling a small increase was recorded in the CT treatment (9.5% for CT and 8.8% for NT). The results of the soil porosity, showed during the whole test period high values in the conventional technique (with or without herbicide application); but for the resistance to soil penetration, the results showed higher values in the no-till technique. Finally, the effect of the tillage system on crop yield was evaluated. In our study, the results showed that significant increases in the number of heads per m2 (351.3 heads per m2 ), the number of grains per head (45.8) and the weight of 1,000 grains (41.2 g) were obtained with the tillage treatment combined with glyphosate application. When comparing the two tillage methods, the highest values were always revealed with the tillage technique

A new Mastodonsauroid Temnospondyl from the Triassic of Algeria: Implications for the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Zarzaïtine Series, northern Sahara

AbstractWe describe a new species of mastodonsauroid temnospondyl from Algeria, Stanocephalosaurus amenasensis nov. sp., on the basis of two exquisite skulls from a Lagerstätte found in the lowermost formation of the Zarzaïtine Series, Illizi Basin, in the area of “La Reculée”, In Amenas region, Algeria. The new species is characterized by subtriangular nostrils with concave lateral borders; small orbits; postfrontals posteriorly very wide; very elongate parietals; smoothly concave posterior margin of the skull; ovoid anterior palatal vacuities; very posteriorly pointed choanae; oval interpterygoid fenestrae; and a short anterior extension of the cultriform process of the parasphenoid. S. amenasensis is different than the Algerian taxa previously erected by Lehman (1971)–“Parotosaurus lapparenti” and “Wellesaurus bussoni”–which we consider nomina dubia. It enlarges the distribution of the genus in northern Gondwana and supports the Early-Middle Triassic age of the lowermost formation of the Zarzaïtine Series. It also suggests that the local palaeoclimate was very seasonal and these aquatic amphibians died massively in a dewatering sebkha

A low power and low signal 5-bit 25MS/s pipelined ADC for monolithic active pixel sensors

For CMOS monolithic active pixels sensor readout, we developed a 5 bit low power analog to digital converter using a pipelined architecture. A non-resetting sample and hold stage is included to amplify the signal by a factor of 4. Due to the very low level of the incoming signal, this first stage compensates both the amplifier offset effect and the input common mode voltage dispersion. The converter consists of three 1.5 bit sub-ADC and a 2 bit flash. We present the results of a prototype, made of eight ADC channels. The maximum sampling rate is 25MS/s. The total DC power consumption is 1.7mW/channel on a 3.3V supply voltage recommended for the process. But at a reduced 2.5V supply, it consumes only 1.3mW. The size of each ADC channel layout is only 43μm*1.43mm. This corresponds to the pitch of two pixel columns each one would be 20μm wide. The full analog part of the converter can be quickly switched to a standby idle mode in less than 1μs; thus reducing the power dissipation to a ratio better than 1/1000. This fast shutdown is very important for the ILC vertex detector as the total DC power dissipation becomes directly proportional to the low beam duty cycle

A low power and low signal 4 bit 50MS/s double sampling pipelined ADC for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors

International audienceA 4 bit very low power and low incoming signal analog to digital converter (ADC) using a double sampling switched capacitor technique, designed for use in CMOS monolithic active pixels sensor readout, has been implemented in 0.35μm CMOS technology. A non-resetting sample and hold stage is integrated to amplify the incoming signal by 4. This first stage compensates both the amplifier offset effect and the input common mode voltage fluctuations. The converter is composed of a 2.5 bit pipeline stage followed by a 2 bit flash stage. This prototype consists of 4 ADC double-channels; each one is sampling at 50MS/s and dissipates only 2.6mW at 3.3V supply voltage. A bias pulsing stage is integrated in the circuit. Therefore, the analog part is switched OFF or ON in less than 1μs. The size for the layout is 80μm*0.9mm. This corresponds to the pitch of 4 pixel columns, each one is 20μm wide

A Low Noise and High Dynamic Charge Sensitive Amplifier-Shaper associated with Silicon Strip Detector for Compton Camera in hadrontherapy

submitted to conference record of IEEE NSS-MIC, Anaheim USA, 29 october-3 november 2012International audienceA 8 channel Front End Electronics (FEE) circuit has been designed and fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS process from Austria Micro System to be coupled with the Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) of the Compton Camera for quality control of hadrontherapy. Each channel includes a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) followed by two parallel CR-RC shapers. Slow and fast shapers, with 1 μs and 15 ns shaping time, are used to measure the energy and to time stamp all events respectively. The two sides of the SSD are read thanks to a configurable system for holes and electrons. The CSA presents an open loop gain of 67 dB and 90 degrees phase margin assuring a high stability. The circuit has been successfully tested. The test results are in good agreement with analytic and simulation calculations. Here, we describe the principles and present measured performances of the prototype. A high linearity over the range of 3E3 to 3E6 electrons is reached with a conversion gain of 3.6 mV/fC. The circuit achieves an ENC (Equivalent Noise Charge) of 412 electrons rms. 75% of the total noise is generated by the small value of the feedback resistor chosen to avoid pile up phenomenon due to the 1E5 hits/s occupancy rate. A cross-talk of 2 % was measured, 99% of which is due to the power supply disturbances. The power supply dissipation is 21 mW/channel for 3.3 V supply voltage. The area of this design is 2871×1881 μm2 including pads

A very low power and low signal 5 bit 50 M samples/s double sampling pipelined ADC for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors in high energy physics and biomedical imaging applications

International audienc

A low power and low signal 4 bit 50MS/s double sampling pipelined ADC for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors

soumis à JINSTA 4 bit very low power and low incoming signal analog to digital converter (ADC) using a double sampling switched capacitor technique, designed for use in CMOS monolithic active pixels sensor readout, has been implemented in 0.35µm CMOS technology. A non-resetting sample and hold stage is integrated to amplify the incoming signal by 4. This first stage compensates both the amplifier offset effect and the input common mode voltage fluctuations. The converter is composed of a 2.5 bit pipeline stage followed by a 2 bit flash stage. This prototype consists of 4 ADC double-channels; each one is sampling at 50MS/s and dissipates only 2.6mW at 3.3V supply voltage. A bias pulsing stage is integrated in the circuit. Therefore, the analog part is switched OFF or ON in less than 1µs. The size for the layout is 80µm*0.9mm. This corresponds to the pitch of 4 pixel columns, each one is 20µm wide

A low power and low signal 4 bit 50MS/s double sampling pipelined ADC for monolithie active pixel sensors

A 4 bit very low power and low incoming signal analog to digital converter (ADC) using a double sampling switched capacitor technique, designed for use in CMOS monolithic active pixels sensor readout, has been implemented in 0.35μm CMOS technology. A non-resetting sample and hold stage is integrated to amplify the incoming signal by 4. This first stage compensates both the amplifier offset effect and the input common mode voltage fluctuations. The converter is composed of a 2.5 bit pipeline stage followed by a 2 bit flash stage. This prototype consists of 4 ADC double-channels; each one is sampling at 50MS/s and dissipates only 2.6mW at 3.3V supply voltage. A bias pulsing stage is integrated in the circuit. Therefore, the analog part is switched OFF or ON in less than 1μs. The size for the layout is 80μm*0.9mm. This corresponds to the pitch of 4 pixel columns, each one is 20μm wide

In Vivo Biosynthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Eukaryotes - A Review

Bionanotechnology, the use of biological resources to produce novel, valuable nanomaterials, has witnessed tremendous developments over the past two decades. This eco-friendly and sustainable approach enables the synthesis of numerous, diverse types of useful nanomaterials for many medical, commercial, and scientific applications. Countless reviews describing the biosynthesis of nanomaterials have been published. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review has been exclusively focused on the in vivo biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. Therefore, the present review is dedicated to filling this gap by describing the many different facets of the in vivo biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living eukaryotic cells and organisms—more specifically, live plants and living biomass of several species of microalgae, yeast, fungus, mammalian cells, and animals. It also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the synthesis methodologies and the NP characteristics, bio-applications, and proposed synthesis mechanisms. This comprehensive review also brings attention to enabling a better understanding between the living organisms themselves and the synthesis conditions that allow their exploitation as nanobiotechnological production platforms as these might serve as a robust resource to boost and expand the bio-production and use of desirable, functional inorganic nanomaterials