Update Diuretika

Der menschliche Körper besteht zu über 50% aus Wasser. Störungen des Flüssigkeitsvolumens und der Elektrolytzusammensetzung stellen häufige klinische Probleme dar, zu deren Therapie Diuretika eingesetzt werden. Im Allgemeinen werden Diuretika als Substanzen, welche das Harnvolumen erhöhen, definiert. Dies lässt sich auf zwei Weisen erzielen: «Natriuretika» erhöhen die renale Natriumausscheidung und damit osmotisch bedingt das Harnvolumen, während «Aquaretika» zu einer vermehrten Ausscheidung von freiem Wasser führen

Nalmefen und Opioid-Entzugssyndrom: systematische Analyse der globalen Pharmacovigilance Datenbank

Nalmefene (Selincro®) is a selective opioid receptor antagonist, which was licensed in April 2014 in Switzerland for the reduction of alcohol consumption in adults with a high drinking risk level. 200 reports of adverse drug reactions of nalmefene have been documented worldwide in the WHO global pharmacovigilance database between 07.03.1997 to 01.03.2015. In 21 cases (10.5%) nalmefene and an opioid were administered concomitantly, causing withdrawal symptoms. Until now, the regional pharmacovigilance center in Zurich received four cases of nalmefene combined with opioids. This combination should be avoided

Pore water response on seasonal environmental changes in intertidal sediments of the Weser estuary, Germany

In order to determine time-dependent changes in estuarine pore-water chemistry and flux variations across the sediment-water interface, sediment cores of an intertidal mud flat in the Weser Estuary were taken monthly over a one-year period. Sediment temperature, pH, Eh, Cl-, O-2, NO3-, and SO42- pore-water concentrations were measured and showed variations that relate to the changes of surface temperature and estuarine water composition. Fick's first law was applied to quantify diffusive fluxes from concentration gradients in the diffusive boundary layer and in the pore water. Total nitrate fluxes were calculated from flux chamber experiments. Diffusive oxygen fluxes increased from 5 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in winter to 18 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in early summer, while nitrate fluxes into the sediment increased from 3 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in winter to 60 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in early summer. Oxygen and nitrate fluxes into the sediment correlated linearly to sediment temperature. Sulfate fluxes increased from 0.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in winter to 10 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in August and September. Converted into carbon fluxes, the sum of these oxidants ranged from 10 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in winter to 80 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in summer. An estimation of the upper limit of the annual nitrate flux into the sediment showed that about 10% of the 250,000 t of nitrate discharged annually by the river may be decomposed within the inner Weser Estuary

Stimulierung der vollstaendigen reduktiven Dehalogenierung in einem Modellaquifer. Untersuchungen zu Stroemungs- und Transportvorgaengen in einem heterogenen anaeroben Modellaquifer

Available from TIB Hannover: RN 7077(260) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman