The role of supersymmetry in the black hole/qubit correspondence

This thesis explores the numerous relationships between the entropy of black hole solutions in supergravity and the entanglement of multipartite systems in quantum information theory: the so-called black hole/qubit correspondence. We examine how, through the correspondence, the dyonic charges in the entropy of supersymmetric black hole solutions are directly matched to the state vector coefficients in the entanglement measures of their quantum information analogues. Moreover the Uduality invariance of the black hole entropy translates to the stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) invariance of the entanglement measures. Several examples are discussed, with the correspondence broadening when the supersymmetric classification of black holes is shown to match the entanglement classification of the qubit/qutrit analogues. On the microscopic front, we study the interpretation of D-brane wrapping configurations as real qubits/qutrits, including the matching of generating solutions on black hole and qubit sides. Tentative generalisations to other dimensions and qubit systems are considered. This is almost eclipsed by more recent developments linking the nilpotent U-duality orbit classi cation of black holes to the nilpotent classi cation of complex qubits. We provide preliminary results on the corresponding covariant classi cation. We explore the interesting parallel development of supersymmetric generalisations of qubits and entanglement, complete with two- and three-superqubit entanglement measures. Lastly, we briefly mention the supergravity technology of cubic Jordan algebras and Freudenthal triple systems (FTS), which are used to: 1) Relate FTS ranks to threequbit entanglement and compute SLOCC orbits. 2) Define new black hole dualities distinct from U-duality and related by a 4D/5D lift. 3) Clarify the state of knowledge of integral U-duality orbits in maximally extended supergravity in four, five, and six dimensions

Superqubits

We provide a supersymmetric generalization of n quantum bits by extending the local operations and classical communication entanglement equivalence group [SU(2)]^n to the supergroup [uOSp(1|2)]^n and the stochastic local operations and classical communication equivalence group [SL(2,C)]^n to the supergroup [OSp(1|2)]^n. We introduce the appropriate supersymmetric generalizations of the conventional entanglement measures for the cases of $n=2$ and $n=3$. In particular, super-Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states are characterized by a nonvanishing superhyperdeterminant.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, revtex; minor corrections, version appearing in Phys. Rev.

The gazebo project : a look into the benefits of student discourse in learning mathematics through a process of creating, critiquing, and revising a plan

textThe Gazebo Project is an open ended, generative, model eliciting project that was designed to allow students to develop their own understanding of fractions rather than receiving direct instruction. The students were placed in three different sections to work on the project, a group section that allowed for collaborative work, a peer tutoring section and an individual section. All students were given a pre-project clinical interview to assess their knowledge prior to beginning The Gazebo Project. They were then separated into one of the three sections for the project. The Gazebo Project charged the students with the task of designing a gazebo that would maximize the amount of seating and minimize the size of the entrance, which needed to be a whole side length. By challenging the students to minimize the entrance they were guided to explore the relationship between side length and number of sides. Upon completion of the project all students were then given a post-project clinical interview to determine the growth in their understanding of fractions. The study suggested that The Gazebo Project was effective in helping students develop their understanding of fractions, but only when the students worked in the group section or the peer tutoring section. The element of student discourse created an environment where students could create, and critique each other’s plan and in the process student discourse contributed to revised thinking. This study challenges educators to consider the benefits of open ended generative activities and discourse in student learning and also encourages the use of regular clinical interviews to assess student reasoning.Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Educatio

Is there any optimum level for community participation in RWSS? - an engineer's view

Active community participation is considered the single most important determinant of overall quality of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) projects implementation to ensure the long term sustainability of delivered WSS services. It would be worthwhile to study the optimum level of community participation with the ultimate objective of sustainable water supply service development. This paper attempts to evaluate the level of actual community participation and difficulties come across during Asian Development Bank assisted Third Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (TWSSP) implementing in Sri Lanka. It is concluded that, as there are no “blue print” solutions in the RWSS sector, optimum community participation is a relative phenomenon. Participation is dynamic, and its nature change with project implementation approach and socio economic condition of the target community. Achieving effective participation is expensive and complicated and hence needs due attention to decide optimum participation level

Community based small town water supplies case study from Sri Lanka

The World Bank-funded Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project (CWSSP), implemented from 1992 to 1999, tested, for the first time in Sri Lanka, a community-based participatory development approach to implement small town water supply projects. Kirinda / Puhulwella is a good example of a community managed, self sustained small town scheme. It consists of about 1,000 service connections, all of which are metered. The scheme provides a 24 hour service to consumers. Operational data indicate the Community Based Organisation (CBO) that manages the scheme is doing so satisfactorily, especially when compared with similar schemes operated by the country’s main water utility agency. This case study suggests that with proper guidance and technical assistance, small town water schemes can be operated successfully by CBOs

Use of supply chain assessment in RWSS projects as an effective project management tool

In simple terms, supply chain means transfer of materials and services from the manufacture / service provider through intermediate actors or directly to the end user. In RWSS, there is a potential for goods and services to be supplied through a supply chain from manufacturers, importers and service providers through a network of distributors directly to dispersed customers. Lack of proper supply chains lead severe drawbacks in RWSS project implementation. There is very little experience in analyzing rural supply chains in Sri Lanka, if not elsewhere in the world. This report contains a model for assessing the local supply chain based on the Sri Lanka context. The objective of the assessment is to determine limiting factors for community procurement and private sector provision of goods and services for construction of RWS schemes and to develop a strategy to overcome observed constraints and weaknesses in local supply chains during project preparation

Wrapped branes as qubits

Recent work has established a correspondence between the tripartite entanglement measure of three qubits and the macroscopic entropy of the four-dimensional 8-charge STU black hole of supergravity. Here we consider the configurations of intersecting D3-branes, whose wrapping around the six compact dimensions T^6 provides the microscopic string-theoretic interpretation of the charges, and associate the three-qubit basis vectors |ABC>, (A,B,C=0 or 1) with the corresponding 8 wrapping cycles. In particular, we relate a well-known fact of quantum information theory, that the most general real three-qubit state can be parameterized by four real numbers and an angle, to a well-known fact of string theory, that the most general STU black hole can be described by four D3-branes intersecting at an angle.Comment: Version appearing in Phys. Rev. Lett, includes Type IIA description as well as Type II

An Empirical Study on Food and Beverage Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Star Graded Hotels in Dambulla

The hotel industry is one of the integral constituents in the flourishing tourism industry and is extremely competitive. In this competitive arena, service quality has become a crucial success factor in maintaining hotel standards. A strong, sustainable, outstanding service industry requires good service quality standards.  However, due to the intangible nature of service products, measuring service quality is substantially challengeable than measuring the quality of physical products. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the impact of food and beverage service quality on customer satisfaction in the star graded hotels. Dambulla is one of the major tourist destinations in Sri Lanka, has been identified as the study area. A total of 150 foreign departure tourists who have visited three and above star graded hotels in the respective area were selected through a convenient sampling technique. A widely accepted SERVQUAL model was utilized to ascertain the findings. Primary data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive, frequency, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze data using SPSS. The results reveal that there is a positive significant impact of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance of food and beverage service quality on customer satisfaction in the star graded hotels in Dambulla area. On the contrary, empathy shows that there is no impact on customer satisfaction. Moreover, tangibility is the most influential service quality attribute that affects customer satisfaction. Thus, the authorities must pay their attention towards improving the tangible evidence such as staff attires and appearance, aesthetic upkeep of interior and exterior, and provide reliable service for their guests with greater customer care

Studies on tissue and cell cultures for plant regeneration of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Explants of leaf, root and petiole were taken from in vitro grown Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) plants and their regeneration ability was compared by culturing these explants on media with various supplements. The regeneration ability in root and petiole explants was higher than that in leaf ones, and a combination of 0.3 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) with 0.01 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium was the most effective, yielding 100% shoot regeneration frequency and associated with the highest number of 1.84 shoots per explant. Explants with higher chromosome level need higher cytokinine concentration to achieve higher regeneration frequency. In the experiments, haploid and diploid plants showed higher regeneration potential at 0.3 mg/l BA whereastetraploid (2n=44) required a higher BA concentration of 0.5 mg/l to accelerate the ability. All explants from two and a half months old plantlets produced buds in high frequency; 1143.9 buds were regenerated from 1g explants. With the established regeneration culture system, it was possible to obtain a large number (1124864) of buds within one year period from one mother plant. For initiation of roots from the regenerated shoots and stimulation of growth of the plantlets, all shoots from different explants responded equally well on medium with 0.01 mg/l NAA

Four-qubit entanglement from string theory

We invoke the black hole/qubit correspondence to derive the classification of four-qubit entanglement. The U-duality orbits resulting from timelike reduction of string theory from D=4 to D=3 yield 31 entanglement families, which reduce to nine up to permutation of the four qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, revtex; minor corrections, references adde