Благополучие общества и человека в процессе трансформации экономики

Главная цель работы - определить основные составляющие благополучия для общества в целом и для человека в частности. В процессе исследования была проведена аналитическая и практическая работа по выявлению значимых социально-экономических составляющий благополучия индивида в современном обществе. В результате исследования определены основные факторы благополучия общества.The main goal of the work is to determine the main components of well-being for society in general and for the person in particular. In the process of research, analytical and practical work was carried out to identify significant socio-economic components of the well-being of the individual in modern society. As a result of the study, the main factors of the well-being of society are identified

Evaluation of a new approach for semi-automatic segmentation of the cerebellum in patients with multiple sclerosis

Cerebellar dysfunction is an important contributor to disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), however, few in vivo studies focused on cerebellar volume loss so far. This relates to technical challenges regarding the segmentation of the cerebellum. In this study, we evaluated the semi-automatic ECCET software for performing cerebellar volumetry using high-resolution 3D T1-MR scans in patients with MS and healthy volunteers. We performed test-retest as well as inter-observer reliability testing of cerebellar segmentation and compared the ECCET results with a fully automatic cerebellar segmentation using the FreeSurfer software pipeline in 15 MS patients. In a pilot matched-pair analysis with another data set from 15 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC), we assessed the feasibility of the ECCET approach to detect MS-related cerebellar volume differences. For total normalized cerebellar volume as well as grey and white matter volumes, intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.99, 95% CI=0.98-0.99) and interobserver agreement (ICC=0.98, 95% CI=0.74-0.99) were strong. Comparison between ECCET and FreeSurfer results likewise yielded a good intraclass correlation (ICC=0.86, 95% CI=0.58-0.95). Compared to HC, MS patients had significantly reduced normalized total brain, total cerebellar, and grey matter volumes (p≤0.05). ECCET is a suitable tool for cerebellar segmentation showing excellent test-retest and inter-observer reliability. Our matched-pair analysis between MS patients and healthy volunteers suggests that the method is sensitive and reliable in detecting cerebellar atrophy in M

An engineered phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase redirects carbon and nitrogen flow in transgenic potato plants

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays a central role in the anaplerotic provision of carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis in leaves of C3 plants. Furthermore, in both C4 and CAM plants photosynthetic isoforms are pivotal for the fixation of atmospheric CO2. Potato PEPC was mutated either by modifications of the N-terminal phosphorylation site or by an exchange of an internal cDNA segment for the homologous sequence of PEPC from the C4 plant Flaveria trinervia. Both modifications resulted in enzymes with lowered sensitivity to malate inhibition and an increased affinity for PEP. These effects were enhanced by a combination of both mutated sequences and pulse labelling with 14CO2 in vivo revealed clearly increased fixation into malate for this genotype. Activity levels correlated well with protein levels of the mutated PEPC. Constitutive overexpression of PEPC carrying both N-terminal and internal modifications strongly diminished plant growth and tuber yie ld. Metabolite analysis showed that carbon flow was redirected from soluble sugars and starch to organic acids (malate) and amino acids, which increased fourfold compared with the wild type. The effects on leaf metabolism indicate that the engineered enzyme provides an optimised starting point for the installation of a C4-like photosynthetic pathway in C3 plants