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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates the expression of inducible costimulator receptor ligand on CD34+ progenitor cells during differentiation into antigen presenting cells
The inducible costimulator receptor (ICOS) is a third member of the CD28 receptor family that regulates T cell activation and function. ICOS binds to a newly identified ligand on antigen presenting cells different from the CD152 ligands CD80 and CD86. We used soluble ICOSIg and a newly developed murine anti-human ICOS ligand (ICOSL) monoclonal antibody to further characterize the ICOSL during ontogeny of antigen presenting cells. In a previous study, we found that ICOSL is expressed on monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells. To define when ICOSL is first expressed on myeloid antigen presenting cells, we examined ICOSL expression on CD34 cells in bone marrow. We found that CD34bright cells regardless of their myeloid commitment were ICOSL , whereas ICOSL was first expressed when CD34 expression diminished and the myeloid marker CD33 appeared
KLEIN: A New Family of Lightweight Block Ciphers
Resource-efficient cryptographic primitives become fundamental for realizing both security and efficiency in embedded systems like RFID tags and sensor nodes. Among those primitives, lightweight block cipher plays a major role as a building block for security protocols. In this paper, we describe a new family of lightweight block ciphers named KLEIN, which is designed for resource-constrained devices such as wireless sensors and RFID tags. Compared to the related proposals, KLEIN has advantage in the software performance on legacy sensor platforms, while in the same time its hardware implementation can also be compact
Anharmonicity of flux lattices and thermal fluctuations in layered superconductors
We study elasticity of a perpendicular flux lattice in a layered
superconductor with Josephson coupling between layers. We find that the energy
contains ln(flux displacement) terms, so that elastic constants cannot be
strictly defined. Instead we define effective elastic constants by a thermal
average. The tilt modulus has terms with ln(T) which for weak fields, i.e.
Josephson length smaller than the flux line spacing, lead to displacement
square average proportional to T/ln(T). The expansion parameter indicates that
the dominant low temperature phase transition is either layer decoupling at
high fields or melting at low fields.Comment: 15 pages, 2 eps figures, Revtex, submitted to Phys. Rev. B.
Sunj-class: superconductivit
Tilted and crossing vortex chains in layered superconductors
In the presence of the Josephson vortex lattice in layered superconductors, a
small c-axis magnetic field penetrates in the form of vortex chains. In
general, the structure of a single chain is determined by the ratio of the
London [] and Josephson [] lengths, . The chain is composed of tilted vortices at large
's (tilted chain) and at small 's it consists of a crossing
array of Josephson vortices and pancake-vortex stacks (crossing chain). We
study chain structures at intermediate 's and found two types of phase
transitions. For the ground state is given by the crossing
chain in a wide range of pancake separations .
However, due to attractive coupling between deformed pancake stacks, the
equilibrium separation can not exceed some maximum value depending on the
in-plane field and . The first phase transition takes place with
decreasing pancake-stack separation at , and rather
wide range of the ratio , . With
decreasing , the crossing chain goes through intermediate strongly-deformed
configurations and smoothly transforms into a tilted chain via a second-order
phase transition. Another phase transition occurs at very small densities of
pancake vortices, , and only when exceeds a
certain critical value . In this case a small c-axis field penetrates
in the form of kinks. However, at very small concentration of kinks, the kinked
chains are replaced with strongly deformed crossing chains via a first-order
phase transition. This transition is accompanied by a very large jump in the
pancake density.Comment: Proceeding of the NATO ARW "Vortex dynamics in superconductors and
other complex systems", Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine, 13-17 September 2004, To be
published in the Journ. of Low Temp. Phys., 16 pages, 6 figure
Improved Microarray-Based Decision Support with Graph Encoded Interactome Data
In the past, microarray studies have been criticized due to noise and the limited overlap between gene signatures. Prior biological knowledge should therefore be incorporated as side information in models based on gene expression data to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. As prior knowledge, we investigated interaction and pathway information from the human interactome on different aspects of biological systems. By exploiting the properties of kernel methods, relations between genes with similar functions but active in alternative pathways could be incorporated in a support vector machine classifier based on spectral graph theory. Using 10 microarray data sets, we first reduced the number of data sources relevant for multiple cancer types and outcomes. Three sources on metabolic pathway information (KEGG), protein-protein interactions (OPHID) and miRNA-gene targeting (microRNA.org) outperformed the other sources with regard to the considered class of models. Both fixed and adaptive approaches were subsequently considered to combine the three corresponding classifiers. Averaging the predictions of these classifiers performed best and was significantly better than the model based on microarray data only. These results were confirmed on 6 validation microarray sets, with a significantly improved performance in 4 of them. Integrating interactome data thus improves classification of cancer outcome for the investigated microarray technologies and cancer types. Moreover, this strategy can be incorporated in any kernel method or non-linear version of a non-kernel method
Josephson Plasma Resonance as a Structural Probe of Vortex Liquid
Recent developments of the Josephson plasma resonance and transport c-axis
measurements in layered high T superconductors allow to probe Josephson
coupling in a wide range of the vortex phase diagram. We derive a relation
between the field dependent Josephson coupling energy and the density
correlation function of the vortex liquid. This relation provides a unique
opportunity to extract the density correlation function of pancake vortices
from the dependence of the plasma resonance on the -component of the
magnetic field at a fixed -axis component.Comment: 4 pages, 1 fugure, accepted to Phys. Rev. Let
Freezing transition of the vortex liquid in anisotropic superconductors
We study the solid-liquid transition of a model of pancake vortices in
laminar superconductors using a density functional theory of freezing. The
physical properties of the system along the melting line are discussed in
detail. We show that there is a very good agreement with experimental data in
the shape and position of the first order transition in the phase diagram and
in the magnitude and temperature dependence of the magnetic induction jump at
the transition. We analyze the validity of the Lindemann melting criterion and
the Hansen-Verlet freezing criterion. Both criteria are shown to be good to
predict the phase diagram in the region where a first order phase transition is
experimentally observed.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Second magnetization peak in flux lattices: the decoupling scenario
The second peak phenomena of flux lattices in layered superconductors is
described in terms of a disorder induced layer decoupling transition. For weak
disorder the tilt mudulus undergoes an apparent discontinuity which leads to an
enhanced critical current and reduced domain size in the decoupled phase. The
Josephson plasma frequency is reduced by decoupling and by Josephson glass
pinning; in the liquid phase it varies as 1/[BT(T+T_0)] where T is temperature,
B is field and T_0 is the disorder dependent temperature of the multicritical
point.Comment: 5 pages, 1 eps figure, Revtex. Minor changes, new reference
New insights into the breathing phenomenon in ZIF-4
Structural changes in ZIFs upon adsorption remain a paradigm due to the sensitivity of the adsorption mechanism to the nature of the organic ligands and gas probe molecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction under operando conditions clearly demonstrates for the first time that ZIF-4 exhibits a structural reorientation from a narrow-pore (np) to a new expanded-pore (ep) structure upon N2 adsorption, while it does not do so for CO2 adsorption. The existence of an expanded-pore structure of ZIF-4 has also been predicted by molecular simulations. In simulations the expanded structure was stabilized by entropy at high temperatures and by strong adsorption of N2 at low temperatures. These results are in perfect agreement with manometric adsorption measurements for N2 at 77 K that show the threshold pressure for breathing at ∼30 kPa. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements show that CO2 is also able to promote structural changes but, in this specific case, only at cryogenic temperatures (5 K).The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the MINECO (MAT2016-80285-p), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/004), H2020 (MSCA-RISE-2016/NanoMed Project), Spanish ALBA synchrotron (Projects AV-2017021985 and IH-2018012591) and Oak Ridge beam time availability (Project IPTS-20843.1). JSA and JGL acknowledge financial support from UA (ACIE17-15) to cover all the expenses for INS measurements at Oak Ridge. JGL acknowledges GV (GRISOLIAP/2016/089) for the research contract
Phase Transitions of the Flux Line Lattice in High-Temperature Superconductors with Weak Columnar and Point Disorder
We study the effects of weak columnar and point disorder on the
vortex-lattice phase transitions in high temperature superconductors. The
combined effect of thermal fluctuations and of quenched disorder is
investigated using a simplified cage model. For columnar disorder the problem
maps into a quantum particle in a harmonic + random potential. We use the
variational approximation to show that columnar and point disorder have
opposite effect on the position of the melting line as observed experimentally.
Replica symmetry breaking plays a role at the transition into a vortex glass at
low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages in 2 columns format + 2 eps figs included, uses RevTeX and
multicol.st
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