Sport venue quality: Measurement, and its impact on spectator’s sustained consumption intentions

The aim of the current study was to reconstruct the sport venue quality dimensionsas an autonomous quality with a utilitarian perspective and examine the impact on spectators’ perceived risk, price perception, and sustained consumption intentions. Venues for National Basketball Association (NBA) and Major League Baseball (MLB) games that mostly represent indoor and outdoor sporting facilities were chosen, and subjects were spectators who have experience of attending professional team sport events in sport venues. The study employed an online survey for data collection, and a total of 595 samples were utilized for data analyses. The data set was randomly split into two halves for a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Results of the PCA generated 11 factors for venue quality including seating comfort, facility aesthetics, layout accessibility, safety, cleanliness, seating view, space allocation, facility system, electronic device, parking, and signage. The reliability and validity of the measurement model were also confirmed. In the structural model analyses, venue quality was found to be significantly associated with perceived value, perceived risk, and sustained consumption intentions. The relationships among perceived value, perceived risk, and sustained consumption intentions were also positively significant. The mediating effects of perceived value and perceived risk were found in the relationship between venue quality and sustained consumption intentions. The findings of the current research will contribute to the sport management literature by providing meaningful insights on capturing the essence of sport venue quality, based on an autonomous quality, and how it affects spectators’ price perception, alleviates perceived risk, and leads to sustained consumption intentions

Smart device interactivity’s impact on value co-creation in the sport industry

Resumen: El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto que tienen los dispositivos inteligentes en la interactividad del cliente y la co-creación de productos valiosos en la industria deportiva a través de la implementación del capital social y la eficacia colectiva. Una muestra de 262 estudiantes participaron en este estudio, y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM por sus siglas en inglés) fue calculado para medir la relación entre las variables en el modelo conceptual. Los resultados revelaron que la interactividad que consiste de control del usuario, sensibilidad, y sincronización tiene un impacto significativo en el capital social. Además, ambas la interactividad tecnológica y el capital social son asociados positivamente con la eficacia colectiva. Finalmente, la eficacia colectiva tiene una influencia positiva en la co-creación de productos de valiosos, pero el capital social no aparenta afectar directamente la co-creacioón de productos de valor. Basado en estos resultados, este estudio sugiere la necesidad de aprovechar las nuevas plataformas que apoyen la co-creación de productos valiosos con los clientes en un ambiente de mercadeo constantemente cambiante. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of smart device's interactivity on customer value co-creation in the sports industry through bridging social capital and collective efficacy. A sample of 262 students participated in the study, and a structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out to measures the relationship between variables in the conceptual model. The results revealed that interactivity consisting of user control, responsiveness, and synchronicity had a significant impact on bridging social capital. In addition, both technological interactivity and bridging social capital were positively associated with collective efficacy. Lastly, collective efficacy had a positive influence on co-creation value, but bridging social capital did not appear to directly affect co-creation value. Based on these results, this study suggests the need to take advantage of new platforms that can build value co-creation with customers in the rapidly changing marketing environment

Optimal Strategies for a Knowledge Workers Acquisition Problem with Expanding and Volatile Demand: Train Internally or Recruit Externally?

The aim of this paper is to consider the process of supplying trained workers with knowledge and skills for upcoming business opportunities, and of training apprentices prepared to meet future demands in an IT service firm. As the demand for new workers has fluctuations, a firm should employ a buffer workforce such as apprentices or interns. However, as a result of rapid development of a business, the buffer‟s capacity may be exceeded, thus requiring the company to recruit skilled workers from outside the firm. It is thus important for a firm to map out a strategy for manpower planning so as to fulfill the demands of new business and minimize operation costs related to training apprentices and recruiting experienced workers. This paper first analyzes the demand and supply of workers for IT service in a knowledge-intensive field. It then presents optimal human resource planning via the familiar method of stochastic process - queueing analysis

A Sensitivity Analysis on the Impact of Uncertanties of the Supply and Demand of a Workforce on a Recruiting Strategy in an IT Service Company

This paper investigates a managerial problem related to human resource planning for an IT service company which mainly carries out time-base projects. As the demand for new workers is subject to wide fluctuations, the firm should hire workers in advance and train them. However, the firm should urgently recruit skilled workers from outside the firm due to the shortages in the workforce. Hence, it is important for the firm to design an optimal human resource planning program so as to fulfill the needs of new IT service projects and minimize operation costs, though this involves a trade-off between holding excess workers to prepare for upcoming demand and recruiting experienced workers. This paper presents a quantitative model that describes the stochastic behavior of the supply and demands of the workforce. Numerical results pertaining to the optimal solution are given via a simulation

Numerical modeling to analysis the abrasion of knee joint by walking pattern

In current studies, growing up of treatment of the knee joint damage such as arthritis, the research to prevent knee joint is under way. As knee joints could be damaged by various types of motion, one of the most influential factor of the abrasion on the knee joint is progressed by walking. It could be classified as 3 types of walking, 1. Walking plain, 2. Climbing stairs or uphill and 3. Going down. In this study, to find the damaged point of knee joint, the following ways would be used. After comparing the knee joint angle with interior and exterior movement of the knee in accordance with the joint dynamics of typical height, the walking pattern for walking up the stairs can be comprehended. It could be shown the variation of the center of rotation of knee joint. From this, the contact point which is pressed on the knee joints in accordance with each walking pattern could be derived. The numerical modeling could be made by quantifying the variety that is caused by the center of mass of knee bone. It would be expected to calculate the contact point on the knee joint through walking patterns. This numerical model is considered of the kinematics system in our knee

Soft X-ray Circular Reflectivity from Ferromagnetic Transition-Metal Films Near the Brewster's Angle: Theoretical and Numerical X-ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering Study

We first report a novel phenomenon that manifests itself in a colossal difference in soft x-ray reflectivity from ferromagnetic transition-metal films between the left- and right-handed circular polarization (LCP and RCP) modes at a resonance near normal Brewster's angle. Theoretical and numerical studies of sft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering using the circular-polarization-mode basis reveal that this effect arises from a totally destructive interference of photons scattered individually from chargem orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in magnetized thin films that selectively occurs only for one helicity of the opposite circular modes when the required criteria are fulfilled. Across the normal Brewster's angle. the polarization state of scattered soft x-ray is continuously variable from the RCP to the LCP mode (or vice versa) through the linear s polarization mode by changing the incidence angle of linear p-polarized x rays at the resonance.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl