A Method of Experimentally Probing Transeverse Momentum Dependent Distributions

We calculate the double spin asymmetry A_LL(x, y, z, P_hT) of pi^0 production with the spectator model and the model based on the factorization ansatz. We also calculate the double spin asymmetry for the integration over the range of (x,y,z) for the setups of the experiments of COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab. We find that the results are characteristically dependent on the model used. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements of the double spin asymmetry provides a method of experimentally probing the transeverse momentum dependent distributions.Comment: 10 pages, 31 figure

The Current State of Targeted Agents in Rectal Cancer

Targeted biologic agents have an established role in treating metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and the integration of targeted therapies into the treatment of CRC has resulted in significant improvements in outcomes. Rapidly growing insight into the molecular biology of CRC, as well as recent developments in gene sequencing and molecular diagnostics, has led to high expectations for the identification of molecular markers to be used in personalized treatment regimens. The mechanisms of action and toxicities of targeted therapies differ from those of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted therapy has raised new insight about the possibility of tailoring treatment to an individual's disease, the assessment of drug effectiveness and toxicity, and the economics of cancer care. This paper covers the last decade of clinical trials that have explored the toxicity and efficacy of targeted agents in locally advanced and metastatic CRC and how their role may benefit patients with rectal cancer. Future efforts should include prospective studies of these agents in biomarker-defined subpopulations, as well as studies of novel agents that target angiogenesis, tumor-stromal interaction, and the cell signaling pathways implicated in rectal cancer

Discovery of a rapid, luminous nova in NGC 300 by the KMTNet Supernova Program

We present the discovery of a rapidly evolving transient by the Korean Microlensing Telescope Network Supernova Program (KSP). KSP is a novel high-cadence supernova survey that offers deep ($\sim21.5$ mag in $BVI$ bands) nearly continuous wide-field monitoring for the discovery of early and/or fast optical transients. KSP-OT-201509a, reported here, was discovered on 2015 September 27 during the KSP commissioning run in the direction of the nearby galaxy NGC~300, and stayed above detection limit for $\sim$ 22 days. We use our $BVI$ light-curves to constrain the ascent rate, $-3.7(7)$ mag day$^{-1}$ in $V$, decay time scale, $t^{V}_{2}=1.7(6)$ days, and peak absolute magnitude, $-9.65\leq M_{V}\leq -9.25$ mag. We also find evidence for a short-lived pre-maximum halt in all bands. The peak luminosity and lightcurve evolution make KSP-OT-201509a consistent with a bright, rapidly decaying nova outburst. We discuss constraints on the nature of the progenitor and its environment using archival HST/ACS images and conclude with a broad discussion on the nature of the system.Comment: 7 pages in aastex6 two-column format, 4 figures; accepted in Ap

Investigation of the physicochemical features and mixing of East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water: An isopycnic analysis approach

We present spatial distributions of the mixing ratio and properties of the East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) at its core density layer (σθ = 27.2–27.3) based on high-quality hydrographic data observed in the East/Japan Sea (EJS) during summer 1999. ESIW is defined as a source water type showing minimum salinity and maximum dissolved oxygen concentration. ESIW plays an important role in supplying dissolved oxygen and transporting anthropogenic carbon into the intermediate/deep layers in EJS. Studying the ESIW formation and distribution processes may provide insights on EJS\u27s shallow- to mid-depth thermohaline circulation and recent ocean changes. Here, we combine the previously estimated mixing ratio of ESIW, based on Optimum Multi-Parameter (OMP) analysis, and its physicochemical properties, such as pressure, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate, interpolated onto several isopycnic surfaces (σθ = 27.20, 27.25, and 27.30). The physicochemical properties of ESIW show steep north-south gradients across the subpolar front at 40–41°N. Higher dissolved oxygen concentrations (≥335 μmol kg–1) of ESIW are found in the western Japan Basin particularly off the Primorye coast, indicating a potential source region. The spatial and depth distributions of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) on the ESIW isopycnic surfaces indicate that the subduction of ESIW occurs at 131–133°E (Ulleung Basin) across the subpolar front to the south. The density layer of ESIW shoals near the Korean coast in the Ulleung Basin, implying a potential link to coastal upwelling. The relative age of ESIW at its core layer is estimated from the oxygen utilization rate and AOU. The correlation between the pCFC12 and relative ages, and AOU estimated at 90% surface water oxygen saturation condition suggests a decadal-scale ventilation of ESIW (≤24 years). Younger waters at the ESIW coexist with the high-salinity intermediate water at the same density layer in the eastern Japan Basin. Our analysis suggests that ESIW is sensitive to climate forcing and an important shallow- to mid-depth thermohaline circulation component of EJS

Electrochemical Investigation of High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Molybdenum for Preparation of Counter Electrode

In order to improve the photocurrent conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we studied an alternative conductor for the counter electrode and focused on molybdenum (Mo) instead of conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Because Mo has a similar work function to FTO for band alignment, better formability of platinum (Pt), and a low electric resistance, using a counter electrode made of Mo instead of FTO lead to the enhancement of the catalytic reaction of the redox couple, reduce the interior resistance of the DSSCs, and prevent energy-barrier formation. Using electrical measurements under a 1-sun condition (100 mW/cm(2), AM 1.5), we determined that the fill factor (FF) and photocurrent conversion efficiency (eta) of DSSCs with a Mo electrode were respectively improved by 7.75% and 5.59% with respect to those of DSSCs with an FTO electrode. Moreover, we have investigated the origin of the improved performance through surface morphology analyses such as scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy