Application of Thio-Ugi Adducts for the Preparation of Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophene and S‑Heterocycle Library via Copper Catalyzed Intramolecular C–S Bond Formation

Fused heterocycles, such as benzo­[<i>b</i>]­thiophene, thiochroman, benzo­[<i>b</i>]­[1,4]­thiazine, and 1,4-benzothiazepine were generated from thio-Ugi adducts containing a thioamide group through copper-catalyzed intramolecular C–S bond formation under microwave irradiation

Stressors, coping resources and strategies, and police stress in South Korea

The present article extends prior research to identify the predictors of police stress from work place problems, the resources available through social support, different strategies for coping with stress, and conditions unique to policing in South Korea. The unique conditions are perceived public perception of police and attitudes towards women working outside of the home. Seven hundred officers were asked to participate in the research, and 686 did participate (96 percent response rate). Almost half of the variance in stress could be explained. Reports of being ridiculed and "set up" in dangerous situations, and to a lesser extent, lack of support from superiors and perceived disrespect from the public, were salient predictors of stress. Coping strategies did not moderate the associations between stressors and stress. Findings were interpreted in relation to collectivist culture and possible points of intervention.

The posterior tibial slope affects the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameter of the knee

Abstract Background Posterior tibial slope (PTS) exhibits considerable variability among individuals and is anticipated to influence the accuracy of radiographic measurements related to the knee. Despite this potential impact, there is a lack of prior research investigating how PTS affects the accuracy of these measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PTS on the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameter of the knee. Methods The medical records of patients who took full-length anteroposterior radiographs of the lower limb between January 2020 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Radiographic parameters related to the knee joint characteristics such as osteoarthritis grade, hip-knee-ankle angle, weight-bearing line ratio, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle, joint-line convergence angle (JLCA), and PTS were measured. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to PTS (group A, PTS < 4°; group B, PTS ≥ 4° and < 8°; group C, PTS ≥ 8°), and the measurement reliability for the radiographic variables was compared between groups. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were assessed using the kappa coefficients, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. Results A total of 175 limbs (86 patients) were included in this study. As the intra- and inter-observer reliability for PTS ranged over 0.9, grouping was performed based on the average of the measured PTSs. The inter-observer reliability of the MPTA and JLCA decreased as the PTS increased (ICCs for MPTA in Groups A, B, and C: 0.889, 0.796, and 0.790, respectively; ICCs for JLCA in Groups A, B and C: 0.916, 0.859, and 0.843, respectively), whereas there were no remarkable differences in other variables. Similar trends were observed in the comparisons of intra-observer reliability and Bland-Altman plots also showed consistent results. Conclusion The larger the PTS, the lower the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameters of the knee that includes the joint line, such as MPTA and JLCA. Given the occasional challenge in accurately identifying the knee joint line in patients with a relatively large PTS, careful measurement of radiographic parameters is crucial and utilizing repetitive measurements for verification may contribute to minimizing measurement errors

Effect of Pt pre-sintering on the durability of PtPd/Al2O3 catalysts for CH4 oxidation

Unburned CH4 is a primary component of natural gas and its contribution to the greenhouse effect is 20 times that of CO2. Durable oxidation catalysts are critical for developing natural gas vehicles (NGV). Pd-based catalysts with Pt promotion have been widely used for CH4 oxidation due to their activity, durability, and tolerance in H2O and sulfur. However, significant drawbacks including poor durability and ineffective synthesis protocols related to the Pt:Pd ratio, exist. Here, we achieve significant improvements in the activity and durability of PtPd bimetallic catalysts for CH4 oxidation by simply pre-sintering the Pt particles before the addition of Pd. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy studies demonstrate that sequential impregnation of Pd after pre-sintering of Pt led to a segregated PdO layer on top of the pre-sintered metallic clusters, while the co-impregnated PtPd catalysts (without pre-sintering of Pt) exhibited homogeneous distribution of Pt and Pd. Re-oxidation experiments after regeneration by fuel-rich combustion, demonstrated the rapid Pd to PdO re-oxidation behavior for the pre-sintered catalysts compared to that for the co-impregnated catalysts, which we thought important for long-term durability due to the facile catalytic cycle needed for CH4 oxidation. All results suggest that the PdO surface layer on top of the Pt clusters is critical for long-term durability of CH4 oxidation; herein, important insight on the critical nature of the molecular level design of bimetallic clusters towards the development of more durable Pd-based catalysts for CH4 oxidation, is provided

A fluoroalkyl iodide additive for Li???O2 battery electrolytes enables stable cycle life and high reversibility

Li???O2 batteries attract extensive attention because they exhibit the highest theoretical energy density among the rechargeable batteries reported so far. However, most studies have focused on improving the cyclability and efficiency of Li???O2 batteries under low-capacity conditions instead of under practical conditions. Here, we increase the capacity range of Li???O2 batteries to a practical condition of 5 mA h cm???2 by introducing CF3(CF2)2I as a dual-functional additive. An electrolyte comprising 1 M LiNO3 in N,N-dimethylacetamide and CF3(CF2)2I provides stable cycle retention and high reversibility even at high areal capacity. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the reaction between CF3(CF2)2I and Li metal is spontaneous and leads to the simultaneous formation of LiF as a protective layer on Li metal and LiI as a redox mediator for the oxygen evolution reaction. This study provides new insights for the development of electrolyte additives toward practical Li???O2 batteries

Correction: Lee et al. Demyristoylation of the Cytoplasmic Redox Protein Trx-h2 Is Critical for Inducing a Rapid Cold Stress Response in Plants. <i>Antioxidants</i> 2021, <i>10</i>, 1287

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