Citation in Applied Linguistics: Analysis of Introduction Sections of Iranian Master's These

Writing a master's thesis, oftentimes the first shot by a novice researcher at writing for academic purposes, requires providing a framework and support by learning how to cite the works of others. Compared to the host of studies on research article introductions as the product of expert writing, little work has been done on citations in master's thesis introductions (MAIs), and so the paucity of research in this area calls for further investigation into citations in MAIs. To this aim, we compared the use of citation forms in 65 Iranian MAIs in the field of Applied Linguistics. Citation forms were divided into integral which play an overt grammatical role within a sentence and non-integral which play a covert grammatical role in text. Each category was further divided into sub-categories. Analyses of the citation practices indicated that integral citations constituted a greater proportion of citations in the MAIs. The study also examined stance manifested in verb controlling citations and underlined the importance of evidential marking in academic writing and discussed pedagogical implications of the research

Towards a Graphical Queueing Network Tool

Computer Science

Beyond significant wave height: a new approach for validating numerical wave models

Spectral wave data are required in many engineering applications such as the design of coastal defence and offshore platforms. As such, numerical wave models have been developed to estimate these wave data at locations where observed records are not available. In the published literature, the model results are often validated using sea-state parameters like significant wave height, peak wave period, mean wave period and mean wave direction. However, in some cases these parameters are not sufficient to describe the entire wave spectrum. In theory, the sea-state values could have a good agreement while the wave spectrums diverge from each other. Therefore, the main aim of this research work is to develop a new, robust approach for validating wave models by applying new parameterisation to the frequency wave spectrum.A series of parameters from wave mechanics and other disciplines have been reviewed to better define wave spectrums. These parameters are tested over a range of JONSWAP wave spectrum idealized scenarios to analyse their sensitivity and performance. The result shows that a family of seven parameters including significant wave height, peak frequency, peak energy density, squared Euclidean distance, skewness, kurtosis and mean width deviation are required to best describe the characteristic differences between an observed and predicted spectrum. Parallel analysis of the parameters reveals more qualitative information about the two spectrums, in contrast to the individual assessment of each parameter.The feasibility of the new approach developed here has been proven through the validation of a hindcast spectral wave model at three nearshore sites around the UK. The result shows that the model performance varies in both the temporal and spatial domains. Two-dimensional validation matrices have also been applied to illustrate the relationship between the various parameters with the relative magnitude, shape and position of the wave spectrums

Desiderium quaerentis historiam virorum populi Andalusiae : (dictionarium biographicum)

Texto en árabe y prólogo en latínNumeración de las p. en árab

Desiderium quaerentis historiam virorum populi Andalusiae : (Dictionarium biographicum)

Prólogo en latín y texto en árabeEn pie de impr. de port. en àrabe consta: Mayrit: bi-Matba` Rujas, 1884Paginaciòn en caracteres arabesPort. en àrabeNumeración de la páginas en árabeContiene:Vol. I. Fascicul. I, II y III. 1885 (XXV, [642] P., [1] h. pleg.) -- Vol II. Fascicul. IV y V. 1886Vol. I. Farcicul. I, II y III. Vol II. Fascicul. IV y

Beyond significant wave height: A new approach for validating spectral wave models

Wave data are required in many engineering applications. At locations where measured records are not available or are too short for design purposes, estimates of wave properties from numerical wave models are often used to characterise the expected wave climate. Typically, model predictions are validated against observations of the sea-state parameters, such as significant wave height, peak wave period, mean wave period and mean wave direction. However, while agreement between observed and predicted sea-state parameters can be good, in some cases the measured and predicted wave spectra can diverge significantly. In these circumstances, simple sea state parameters alone are not sufficient to describe the range of wave conditions that could arise at a given site. In this paper we present a new, alternative approach for assessing wave model performance by applying new parameterisation to the frequency wave spectrum. Seven parameters (significant wave height, peak frequency, peak energy density, squared Euclidean distance, skewness, kurtosis and mean width deviation) are used to better define the characteristics of unimodal wave spectra. Sensitivity tests are undertaken to analyse the performance and sensitivity of these parameters in identifying differences between observed and predicted wave spectra, using a range of idealised JONSWAP wave spectra. We demonstrate that comparing multiple parameters is a better method to distinguish differences between spectra than the results obtained using individual parameters in isolation. As such, application of two-dimensional validation matrices are proposed to provide a better, qualitative overview of the goodness of fit between observed and predicted wave spectra. The advantages of the new approach are demonstrated through validation of a hindcast spectral wave model at Hastings, southeast England. We believe that we have achieved our purpose here to start a discussion on alternative validation techniques that could be enhanced in the future

Comparison of Glasgow Blatchford, pre-endoscopic Rockall, and modified early warning score systems to predict the clinical outcome of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency

INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a life-threatening presentation to the emergency department (ED). In a busy emergency department, emergency department, proper risk stratification is critical to better patients management for patients with variceal or nonvariceal bleeding. This study study was designed to the scoring systems (Modified Early Warning Score (MEW), Pre-endoscopic Rockall (PER), and Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) in predicting 15-day mortality, requirement of blood transfusion, probability of rebleeding, and patient outcome within 15-day period in ED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out in with 51 acute UGIB at the emergency department, Department (ED) and department of Medical gastroenterology (MGE) of Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, India, from February 2020 to June 2022. Clinical The clinical history, presenting signs and symptoms, comorbidities, vitals, laboratory variables, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment history of all patients were recorded and they were followed for 15 days to evaluate rebleeding and its outcome. The chi-square test was applied to qualitative variables. RESULTS: The study enroled 51 patients, of which 82.4% were male, with the majority between 51 and 60 years of age. The majority of cases were presented to the emergency department with haematemesis (60.8%). Non-vasriceal bleeding observed in 94.1% cases. In the 15-day follow- up, 7 patients (7.84%) died and 7 patients (13.7%) rebleed. Totally 26 (50.9%) had a MEWS score of 1, 13 (25.4%) had a score of 2, 9 (17.64%) had a score of >3, and 3 (5.88%) had a score of 0. A PER score of 1 was found in 17 (33.3%), 2 in 4 (7.84%), 3 in 3 (5.88%), 4 in 6 (11.76), 5 in 10 (19.6%) and 6 in 5 (9.80%) patients. 9 (17.6%) cases had a low-risk GBS score of 0-5. Compared to MEWS and GBS, the ROC curve for mortality calculated at 15 days for PERS was 0.96; 95% CI of 0.9 - 1.0, indicating good accuracy. The AUCROC curve for predicting rebleed by PERS score showed area under curve - 0.79, which is also better than the other 2 scoring systems. CONCLUSIONS: PER had a higher negative predictive value (90%) than GBS (80.7%) and MEWS (88.1%) for rebleed measurement. GBS had a higher negative predictive value (96.15%) than PER (52.5%) and MEWS (42.8%) to predict admission of a patient with UGIB. The GBS score >8.5, MEWS score >1.5, and the PER score 4.5 predicted rebleeding. The GBS predicted the need for packed red blood cell transfusions better than the MEWS score and the pre-endoscopic Rockall score. The MEWS score is better at predicting admission and type of bleeding

To determine the prognostic accuracy of the HEART score as a predictor for major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain to emergency department in a tertiary care hospital

INTRODUCTION: One of the main causes of sudden cardiac death in the emergency department is myocardial infarction. Although there are several scores that helped predict an identified acute coronary incident, there was no quantitative tool available to risk stratifying patients with chest pain to support more decisions. The study is aimed to determine the prognostic accuracy of the HEART score as a predictor for major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency medicine department (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study included 83 adult patients presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction who had chest pain attending to the ED were studied their HEART score to predict major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: 60.24% of males and 39.76% of females with mean age of 57.83 ± 12.85 years were presented to ED. 44.56% had hypertension, 46.99% of diabetes mellitus, 21.69% of smoking, 16.87% of alcoholism, 4.82% of obesity, and 3.61% of patients with family history of cardiac diseases. 28.92% had non-specific repolarization, and 33.73% of patients had significant ST-Depression. According to Heart score, 26.51% of patients had low risk, 39.76% of patients had moderate risk, and 33.73% of patients had high risk. More percentage of male patient’s (67.9%) were in the high risk group of heart score than females (32.1%). ST-Depression cases were more in the high risk group (85.7%), and statistical significant association seen between ECG and the heart score (P<0.0001). among risk factors, Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus patients was more in the high risk groups with 48.6%, and 53.8% (P=0.001). 100% of high risk cases had ≥3 x normal limit of troponin, and there was a statistically association seen between troponin and heart score (P<0.0001). Diagnosis of HEART score of the low risk group showed that the risk factor had significantly higher AUC value (AUC = 0.801) than the age group (AUC = 0.778), history (AUC = 0.747), Troponin (AUC = 0.738), and ECG (AUC = 0.722). Out of 22 cases of the low risk group, 6 of Unstable angina (UA), 16 of NSTEMI, 4 of Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 2 CABG, and 1 cardiovascular (CV) death. For moderate risk group (n=33), 13 of UA, 17 of NSTEMI, 3 of STEMI, 20 of PCI, 14 of CABG, and 12 of CV deaths. For high risk group (n=28), 10 UA, 14 of NSTEMI, 3 of STEMI, 9 of PCI, 6 of CABG, and 4 number of CV death. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the HEART score should be used as the primary clinical decision tool for the risk stratification and a good predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department to promote their safe and efficient nature in a community hospital setting