Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Energy of a Transition Metal Monolayer: A Non-perturbative Theory

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy $E_{anis}$ for a monolayer of Fe and Ni is determined using a fully convergent tight-binding calculation including $s$-$d$ hybridization. The spin-orbit interaction $\lambda_{so}$ is treated non-perturbatively. Remarkably, we find $E_{anis}\propto\lambda_{so}^2$ and important contributions to $E_{anis}$ due to the lifting of degeneracies near the Fermi-level. This is supported by the calculated decrease of the anisotropy energy with increasing temperature on a scale of several hundred K. Our results clarify the present debate on the origin of $E_{anis}$.Comment: 11 pages (RevTeX) with 2 figures, appended as Postscript file

{\it Ab initio} calculations of magnetic structure and lattice dynamics of Fe/Pt multilayers

The magnetization distribution, its energetic characterization by the interlayer coupling constants and lattice dynamics of (001)-oriented Fe/Pt multilayers are investigated using density functional theory combined with the direct method to determine phonon frequencies. It is found that ferromagnetic order between consecutive Fe layers is favoured, with the enhanced magnetic moments at the interface. The bilinear and biquadratic coupling coefficients between Fe layers are shown to saturate fast with increasing thickness of nonmagnetic Pt layers which separate them. The phonon calculations demonstrate a rather strong dependence of partial iron phonon densities of states on the actual position of Fe monolayer in the multilayer structure.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Improvement in the regulation of the vitamin K antagonist acenocoumarol after a standard initial dose regimen: prospective validation of a prescription model

Background In a retrospective study we have developed a model which determines the dose of acenocoumarol based on the age of the patient and on the first INR obtained after a standard initial loading dose. The group of patients of this study was used as the control group of the present study. Aim The aim of this study was to prospectively validate the model and to assess whether the use of this model improves the quality of the treatment in the 0-2 months study period. Patients and methods In 197 patients the model was evaluated by (1) in the initial phase: comparison of INRs with the control group, after assessing the dose according to the model, and (2) in the 0-2 months period: calculation of the percentage of time spent in the therapeutic target range compared to the control group. Furthermore, the eventual dose was compared to the dose of the model when the INRs were within the therapeutic target range for the first time and on two successive occasions. Results (1) When dosed according to the model, 50% of INRs in the total group were within the therapeutic target range compared to 45% in the control group, and (2) the percentage time spent within this range was 68 in the total group compared to 63 in the control group (P = 0.0013). When the INRs were within the range for the first time and successively twice, the eventual doses were similar to the model in 59 and 50%, respectively. About 20% of the patients did not achieve two successive INRs within the range. Conclusions Using the model the quality of treatment improved. We advice to use a standardized individualized dose regimen at the initiation of vitamin K antagonist treatmen

Ferromagnetic resonance study of sputtered Co|Ni multilayers

We report on room temperature ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) studies of [$t$ Co$|2t$ Ni]$\times$N sputtered films, where $0.1 \leq t \leq 0.6$ nm. Two series of films were investigated: films with same number of Co$|$Ni bilayer repeats (N=12), and samples in which the overall magnetic layer thickness is kept constant at 3.6 nm (N=1.2/$t$). The FMR measurements were conducted with a high frequency broadband coplanar waveguide up to 50 GHz using a flip-chip method. The resonance field and the full width at half maximum were measured as a function of frequency for the field in-plane and field normal to the plane, and as a function of angle to the plane for several frequencies. For both sets of films, we find evidence for the presence of first and second order anisotropy constants, $K_1$ and $K_2$. The anisotropy constants are strongly dependent on the thickness $t$, and to a lesser extent on the total thickness of the magnetic multilayer. The Land\'e g-factor increases with decreasing $t$ and is practically independent of the multilayer thickness. The magnetic damping parameter $\alpha$, estimated from the linear dependence of the linewidth, $\triangle H$, on frequency, in the field in-plane geometry, increases with decreasing $t$. This behaviour is attributed to an enhancement of spin-orbit interactions with $t$ decreasing and in thinner films, to a spin-pumping contribution to the damping.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure

Socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of postpartum care at home across Dutch neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: Postpartum care focuses on prevention of health problems by performing medical check-ups and through enhancing maternal empowerment, the parent-infant interaction and knowledge about mother's own health and that of her newborn. We aimed to investigate whether there was significant clustering within neighbourhoods regarding the uptake of postpartum care and to what extent neighbourhood-level differences are explained by individual socio-demographic factors, pregnancy-related factors and neighbourhood-level determinants (i.e. deprivation and urbanization).METHODS: A nationwide population-based observational study was carried out using linked routinely collected healthcare data from appropriate-for-gestational-age weight live-born term singleton deliveries (2015-18) in the Netherlands. We performed two-level multivariable logistic regression analyses, using three different models. Model 1 contained no explanatory variables and was used to assess clustering of postpartum care uptake within neighbourhoods. In model 2, individual-level determinants were added one by one and in model 3, neighbourhood-level determinants were added.RESULTS: About 520 818 births were included. Multilevel modelling showed that 11% of the total variance in postpartum care uptake could be attributed to the neighbourhood of residence. Individual characteristics explained 38% of the neighbourhood variance, of which income and migration background were the most important contributors. An additional 6% of the variation could be explained by neighbourhood-level determinants.CONCLUSION: We found substantial neighbourhood differences in postpartum care uptake. These differences are influenced by a complex interplay between individual-level and neighbourhood-level determinants, highlighting the importance of addressing both individual and neighbourhood-level determinants to improve the uptake of postpartum care and therewith overall community health.</p

Socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of postpartum care at home across Dutch neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: Postpartum care focuses on prevention of health problems by performing medical check-ups and through enhancing maternal empowerment, the parent-infant interaction and knowledge about mother's own health and that of her newborn. We aimed to investigate whether there was significant clustering within neighbourhoods regarding the uptake of postpartum care and to what extent neighbourhood-level differences are explained by individual socio-demographic factors, pregnancy-related factors and neighbourhood-level determinants (i.e. deprivation and urbanization).METHODS: A nationwide population-based observational study was carried out using linked routinely collected healthcare data from appropriate-for-gestational-age weight live-born term singleton deliveries (2015-18) in the Netherlands. We performed two-level multivariable logistic regression analyses, using three different models. Model 1 contained no explanatory variables and was used to assess clustering of postpartum care uptake within neighbourhoods. In model 2, individual-level determinants were added one by one and in model 3, neighbourhood-level determinants were added.RESULTS: About 520 818 births were included. Multilevel modelling showed that 11% of the total variance in postpartum care uptake could be attributed to the neighbourhood of residence. Individual characteristics explained 38% of the neighbourhood variance, of which income and migration background were the most important contributors. An additional 6% of the variation could be explained by neighbourhood-level determinants.CONCLUSION: We found substantial neighbourhood differences in postpartum care uptake. These differences are influenced by a complex interplay between individual-level and neighbourhood-level determinants, highlighting the importance of addressing both individual and neighbourhood-level determinants to improve the uptake of postpartum care and therewith overall community health.</p

Особливості імуно-гормонального та мікробіологічного статусу у жінок з різними морфологічними формами поліпів ендометрія

Обследовано 58 женщин с полипами эндометрия. Выявлены особенности микробиологического пейзажа, гормонального и иммунного статуса в зависимости от морфологических форм полипов эндометрия. проведенный анализ позволил выделить группы риска по развитию полипов эндометрия. показано, что полип эндометрия следует рассматривать не как местный процесс, а как реакцию эндометрия в ответ на повреждение гормонального и иммунного гомеостаза, что необходимо учитывать при выборе лечения данной патологии58 women with endometrial polyps were investigated. Specific microflora and hormonal and immune status depending on the morphological forms of endometrial polyps were found. The analysis performed allowed to allocate risk groups according to development of endometrial polyp. It was shown that endometrial polyp shall be considered as endometrial reaction in response to hormonal and immune homeostasis disorder, rather than local process. This should be borne in mind when choosing treatment for this patholog

Automotive Intelligence Embedded in Electric Connected Autonomous and Shared Vehicles Technology for Sustainable Green Mobility

The automotive sector digitalization accelerates the technology convergence of perception, computing processing, connectivity, propulsion, and data fusion for electric connected autonomous and shared (ECAS) vehicles. This brings cutting-edge computing paradigms with embedded cognitive capabilities into vehicle domains and data infrastructure to provide holistic intrinsic and extrinsic intelligence for new mobility applications. Digital technologies are a significant enabler in achieving the sustainability goals of the green transformation of the mobility and transportation sectors. Innovation occurs predominantly in ECAS vehicles’ architecture, operations, intelligent functions, and automotive digital infrastructure. The traditional ownership model is moving toward multimodal and shared mobility services. The ECAS vehicle’s technology allows for the development of virtual automotive functions that run on shared hardware platforms with data unlocking value, and for introducing new, shared computing-based automotive features. Facilitating vehicle automation, vehicle electrification, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is accomplished by the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), cellular/wireless connectivity, edge computing, the Internet of things (IoT), the Internet of intelligent things (IoIT), digital twins (DTs), virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Vehicles become more intelligent, connected, functioning as edge micro servers on wheels, powered by sensors/actuators, hardware (HW), software (SW) and smart virtual functions that are integrated into the digital infrastructure. Electrification, automation, connectivity, digitalization, decarbonization, decentralization, and standardization are the main drivers that unlock intelligent vehicles' potential for sustainable green mobility applications. ECAS vehicles act as autonomous agents using swarm intelligence to communicate and exchange information, either directly or indirectly, with each other and the infrastructure, accessing independent services such as energy, high-definition maps, routes, infrastructure information, traffic lights, tolls, parking (micropayments), and finding emergent/intelligent solutions. The article gives an overview of the advances in AI technologies and applications to realize intelligent functions and optimize vehicle performance, control, and decision-making for future ECAS vehicles to support the acceleration of deployment in various mobility scenarios. ECAS vehicles, systems, sub-systems, and components are subjected to stringent regulatory frameworks, which set rigorous requirements for autonomous vehicles. An in-depth assessment of existing standards, regulations, and laws, including a thorough gap analysis, is required. Global guidelines must be provided on how to fulfill the requirements. ECAS vehicle technology trustworthiness, including AI-based HW/SW and algorithms, is necessary for developing ECAS systems across the entire automotive ecosystem. The safety and transparency of AI-based technology and the explainability of the purpose, use, benefits, and limitations of AI systems are critical for fulfilling trustworthiness requirements. The article presents ECAS vehicles’ evolution toward domain controller, zonal vehicle, and federated vehicle/edge/cloud-centric based on distributed intelligence in the vehicle and infrastructure level architectures and the role of AI techniques and methods to implement the different autonomous driving and optimization functions for sustainable green mobility.publishedVersio

Coulomb Correlations and Magnetic Anisotropy in ordered L10L1_0 CoPt and FePt alloys

We present results of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) calculations for chemically ordered $L1_0$ CoPt and FePt alloys taking into account the effects of strong electronic correlations and spin-orbit coupling. The local spin density + Hubbard U approximation (LSDA+U) is shown to provide a consistent picture of the magnetic ground state properties when intra-atomic Coulomb correlations are included for both 3$d$ and 5$d$ elements. Our results demonstrate significant and complex contribution of correlation effects to large MAE of these material.Comment: revised version; 4 pages, 2 figure