1,260 research outputs found
CircRNA PDE3B regulates tumorigenicity via the miR-136-5p/MAP3K2 axis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Background. CircRNA has a covalently
closed circular conformation and a stable structure.
However, the exact role of circRNA in esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains uncertain.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of
hsa_circ_0000277 (circ_PDE3B) in ESCC.
Methods. The expression levels of circ_PDE3B,
miR-136-5p and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
kinase 2 (MAP3K2) in ESCC tissues and cells were
detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. The proliferation
ability of EC9706 and KYSE30 cells was detected by
clonal formation, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) and
3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-Htetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Flow cytometry was
used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells. Transwell assay
was used to detect the invasion ability of EC9706 and
KYSE3 cells. The relationship between miR-136-5p and
circ_PDE3B or MAP3K2 was verified by dual-luciferase
reporter assay and RNA pull-down, and the effect of
circ_PDE3B on tumor growth in vivo was explored
through tumor transplantation experiment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect MAP3K2 and
Ki67 expression in mice tumor tissues.
Results. The results showed that circ_PDE3B was
highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells. Downregulated circ_PDE3B expression in ESCC cells
significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration and
invasion. Circ_PDE3B served as a sponge for miR-136-
5p, and miR-136-5p inhibition reversed the roles of
circ_PDE3B knockdown in ESCC cells. MAP3K2 was a
direct target of miR-136-5p, and miR-136-5p targeted
MAP3K2 to inhibit the malignant behaviors of ESCC
cells. Furthermore, circ_PDE3B regulated MAP3K2
expression by sponging miR-136-5p. Importantly,
circ_PDE3B knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions. In conclusion, circ_PDE3B acted as
oncogenic circRNA in ESCC and accelerated ESCC
progression by adsorption of miR-136-5p and activation
of MAP3K2, supporting circ_PDE3B as a potential
therapeutic target for ESCC
A homogenous nature of native Chinese duck matrilineal pool
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>China, with around 30 unique breeds, has a diverse duck genetic pool. Currently, there is no systematic report which investigates the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship, and matrilineal genetic structure of these domestic breeds and wild mallards (<it>Anas platyrhynchos</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region segments in 278 domestic ducks (<it>Anas platyrhynchos domestica</it>) from 19 indigenous breeds/populations and 70 wild mallard samples and analyzed them together with the 101 control region sequences from published sources. Fifty-two samples were then sequenced for a cytochrome <it>b </it>(Cyt <it>b</it>) gene fragment to solidify the pattern emerged from the control region sequences. All domestic duck and wild mallard haplotypes were essentially indistinguishable and were clustered together in the phylogenetic tree. There was no geographic differentiation and breed/population-specific distribution of duck lineages.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results showed that unlike other domesticated farm animals in China such as chicken, cattle, goat, and yak with multiple matrilineal components, the matrilineal pool of Chinese ducks was homogenous.</p
High quality and wafer-scale cubic silicon carbide single crystals
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor material for fabricating
power electronic devices that exhibit higher switch frequency, lower energy
loss and substantial reduction both in size and weight in comparison with its
Si-based counterparts1-4. Currently, most devices, such as
metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors, which are core devices used
in electric vehicles, photovoltaic industry and other applications, are
fabricated on a hexagonal polytype 4H-SiC because of its commercial
availability5. Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC), the only cubic polytype, has a
moderate band gap of 2.36 eV at room-temperature, but a superior mobility and
thermal conduction than 4H-SiC4,6-11. Moreover, the much lower concentration of
interfacial traps between insulating oxide gate and 3C-SiC helps fabricate
reliable and long-life devices7-10,12-14. The growth of 3C-SiC crystals,
however, has remained a challenge up to now despite of decades-long efforts by
researchers because of its easy transformation into other polytypes during
growth15-19, limiting the 3C-SiC based devices. Here, we report that 3C-SiC can
be made thermodynamically favored from nucleation to growth on a 4H-SiC
substrate by top-seeded solution growth technique(TSSG), beyond what's expected
by classic nucleation theory. This enables the steady growth of quality and
large sized 3C-SiC crystals (2~4-inch in diameter and 4.0~10.0 mm in thickness)
sustainable. Our findings broaden the mechanism of hetero-seed crystal growth
and provide a feasible route to mass production of 3C-SiC crystals,offering new
opportunities to develop power electronic devices potentially with better
performances than those based on 4H-SiC.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Application of serum SELDI proteomic patterns in diagnosis of lung cancer
BACKGROUND: Currently, no satisfactory biomarkers are available to screen for lung cancer. Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of- Flight Mass Spectrometry ProteinChip system (SELDI-TOF-MS) is one of the currently used techniques to identify biomarkers for cancers. The aim of this study is to explore the application of serum SELDI proteomic patterns to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy individuals. METHODS: A total of 208 serum samples, including 158 lung cancer patients and 50 healthy individuals, were randomly divided into a training set (including 11 sera from patients with stages I/II lung cancer, 63 from patients with stages III/IV lung cancer and 20 from healthy controls) and a blinded test set (including 43 sera from patients with stages I/II lung cancer, 41 from patients with stages III/IV lung cancer and 30 from healthy controls). All samples were analyzed by SELDI technology. The spectra were generated on weak cation exchange (WCX2) chips, and protein peaks clustering and classification analyses were made using Ciphergen Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Pattern software, respectively. We additionally determined Cyfra21-1 and NSE in the 208 serum samples included in this study using an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: Five protein peaks at 11493, 6429, 8245, 5335 and 2538 Da were automatically chosen as a biomarker pattern in the training set. When the SELDI marker pattern was tested with the blinded test set, it yielded a sensitivity of 86.9%, a specificity of 80.0% and a positive predictive value of 92.4%. The sensitivities provided by Cyfra21-1 and NSE used individually or in combination were significantly lower than that of the SELDI marker pattern (P < 0.005 or 0.05, respectively). Based on the results of the test set, we found that the SELDI marker pattern showed a sensitivity of 91.4% in the detection of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which was significantly higher than that in the detection of small cell lung cancers (P < 0.05); The pattern also had a sensitivity of 79.1% in the detection of lung cancers in stages I/II. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that serum SELDI protein profiling can distinguish lung cancer patients, especially NSCLC patients, from normal subjects with relatively high sensitivity and specificity, and the SELDI-TOF-MS is a potential tool for the screening of lung cancer
Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules in healthy volunteers
Embora a farmacocinética (PK) do cloridrato de diltiazem nas formas de comprimidos de liberação imediata e cápsulas de liberação modificada em ensaios clÃnicos já tenha sido relatada, a pesquisa da PK do cloridrato de diltiazem na forma de cápsulas com peletes de liberação retardada e sustentada ainda é muito importante. Neste trabalho, propusemos avaliar a farmacocinética do cloridrato de diltiazem administrado através desta nova forma farmacêutica em voluntários chineses sadios, assim como a influência da ingestão de alimentos neste perfil farmacocinético. Foi realizado um ensaio clÃnico aberto, randomizado e paralelo em 36 voluntários, que receberam dose oral única de 90 mg, 180 mg ou 270 mg e dose múltiplas (90 mg/d × 6 d) pela mesma via de administração. Para avaliar o efeito da ingestão de alimentos sobre a PK do diltiazem foi realizada a administração de dose única (360 mg) em 24 voluntários chineses sadios. A concentração plasmática do diltiazem foi determinada por Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) e os principais parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram analisados através do emprego do software PKSolver (Ver 2.0). O ensaio de farmacocinética clÃnica foi conduzido na clÃnica Pharmacological Center (No.JDX1999064) do Hospital de Xiangya, Central South University, China. Os parâmetros PK obtidos indicaram que a nova formulação de cápsulas de liberação retardada e sustentada de cloridrato de diltiazem possue marcantes caracterÃsticas de liberação retardada e controlada do fármaco.The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ordinary tablets and sustained release capsules of diltiazem hydrochloride in human clinical trials had been studied. The PK of diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules, a new dosage form, has not been reported, although it is very important to clinical use. In this paper, we investigated the PK of diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules and the food influence in Chinese healthy volunteers. The PK parameters indicated that the diltiazem hydrochloride delay-onset sustained-release pellet capsules appeared marked characteristics of delayed and controlled release. An opened-label, randomized and parallel clinical trial was conducted in 36 Chinese healthy volunteers with single oral dose (90 mg, 180 mg or 270 mg) and a multiple oral dose (90 mg d-1×6 d) administration. The effect of food on the PK of one single oral dose (360 mg) was investigated in 24 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma diltiazem concentration was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by PKSolver (Ver 2.0). All clinical studies were conducted in the Clinical Pharmacological Center (No. JDX1999064) of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated Central South University, China. The PK parameters suggested that the new formulation had marked characteristics of delayed and controlled release of diltiazem, and food intake did not alter significantly diltiazem pharmacokinetic parameters
Linking Incomplete Reprogramming to the Improved Pluripotency of Murine Embryonal Carcinoma Cell-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been proved capable of reprogramming various differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have been successfully derived from mouse and human somatic cells by the over-expression of a combination of transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming mediated by either the SCNT or iPS approach are poorly understood. Increasing evidence indicates that many tumor pathways play roles in the derivation of iPS cells. Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells have the characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells and thus they might be the better candidates for elucidating the details of the reprogramming process. Although previous studies indicate that EC cells cannot be reprogrammed into real pluripotent stem cells, the reasons for this remain unclear. Here, nuclei from mouse EC cells (P19) were transplanted into enucleated oocytes and pluripotent stem cells (P19 NTES cells) were subsequently established. Interestingly, P19 NTES cells prolonged the development of tetraploid aggregated embryos compared to EC cells alone. More importantly, we found that the expression recovery of the imprinted H19 gene was dependent on the methylation state in the differential methylation region (DMR). The induction of Nanog expression, however, was independent of the promoter region DNA methylation state in P19 NTES cells. A whole-genome transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that P19 NTES cells were indeed the intermediates between P19 cells and ES cells and many interesting genes were uncovered that may be responsible for the failed reprogramming of P19 cells. To our knowledge, for the first time, we linked incomplete reprogramming to the improved pluripotency of EC cell-derived pluripotent stem cells. The candidate genes we discovered may be useful not only for understanding the mechanisms of reprogramming, but also for deciphering the transition between tumorigenesis and pluripotency
Effect of Hydroxylamine Sulfate on Volumetric Behavior of Glycine, L-Alanine, and L-Arginine in Aqueous Solution
The apparent molar volumes of glycine, L-alanine, and L-arginine in aqueous hydroxylamine sulfate solutions have been determined at = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The standard partial molar volumes
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