Historical paths of Digital Television in Rio Grande do Norte

Este texto es parte del proyecto desarrollado en la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte en los años 2017 y 2018. El objetivo fue identificar cómo se dio la trayectoria de la televisión digital en Rio Grande do Norte. Entre los objetivos se buscó mapear el processo de desarrollo de la tecnología digital en las emissoras de televisión, investigar la trayectoria de migración de las emissoras analógicas a digitales, comprender los motivos del relativo retraso tecnológico de las emissoras regionales y la actual crisis de los medios globales. Para la realización del mapeo fueron empleadas y combinadas la investigación documental, en los periódicos de la ciudad, entrevistas con los profesionales, realizadas a partir de algunos preceptos de la historia oral, como la grabación en video. Se buscó personas en todas las emissoras, para en un primer momento identificar una cronología de la implantación de la televisión digital en el Estado. Las entrevistas grabadas fueron transcritas para ser utilizadas como fuente de información y serán divulgadas a través de una publicación para la referencia de investigadores, estudiantes y la sociedad en general. El Estado de Rio Grande do Norte tuvo su primera emissora de televisión en 1972, la TVU fue implantada con la primera programación local en el Estado. Antes algunas retransmisoras fueron instaladas desde el final de la década de 1950, primero por toda región sudeste y sur de forma gradual. En el noreste el processo fue más largo. Por eso, se hace necesario investigar y entender cómo se dio el processo de digitalización de estos medios tan importante en la vida de las personas. Hay un espacio en la historia y en la memoria de la sociedad Potiguar para pensar y problematizar como ocurrió el desarrollo de las emissoras en el RN.This text is part of the project developed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in the years 2017 and 2018. The objective was to identify how the digital television trajectory occurred in Rio Grande do Norte. The objectives were to map the process of developing digital technology in television stations, to investigate the migration path from analogue to digital broadcasters, to understand the reasons for the relative technological backwardness of regional broadcasters and the current global media crisis. In order to carry out the mapping, documentary research was used and combined in the city newspapers, interviews with professionals, based on some precepts of oral history, such as video recording. People were sought in all the stations, in order to first identify a chronology of the implantation of the digital television in the State. The work followed with the formation of some networks of interviewees, which were grouped by period and by broadcaster. The recorded interviews were transcribed to be used as a source of information and will be disseminated through a website (memoriadatvpotiguar) and will also compose a publication for the reference of researchers, students and society in general. The State of Rio Grande do Norte had its first television station in 1972, TVU was implemented with the first local programming in the State. Some retransmitters have been installed since the late 1950s, primarily throughout the Southeast and South gradually. In the northeast the process was more time consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and understand how the process of digitization of this important media in people's lives took place. There is a space in the history and memory of the Potiguar society to think about and problematize how the development of the stations in the RN occurred

A OFERTA DA EAD NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE MATO GROSSO: UM OLHAR PEDAGÓGICO SOBRE A PRÁTICA DOCENTE

O presente artigo visa explicitar a prática pedagógica na Educação a Distância - EaD desenvolvida pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso na perspectiva do Ensino Superior, mais precisamente no curso a distância de Licenciatura em Química. Busca-se evidenciar a visão pedagógica quanto à prática docente desenvolvida e o significado do curso no processo de formação docente, via pesquisa qualitativa com base na observação das práticas desenvolvidas pela UAB via IFMT. Como resultados fica perceptível que a EaD se constitui um caminho viável de educação, quando as questões geográficas impedem a realização de um curso presencial

Dissecting central post-stroke pain:a controlled symptom-psychophysical characterization

Central post-stroke pain affects up to 12% of stroke survivors and is notoriously refractory to treatment. However, stroke patients often suffer from other types of pain of non-neuropathic nature (musculoskeletal, inflammatory, complex regional) and no head-to-head comparison of their respective clinical and somatosensory profiles has been performed so far. We compared 39 patients with definite central neuropathic post-stroke pain with two matched control groups: 32 patients with exclusively non-neuropathic pain developed after stroke and 31 stroke patients not complaining of pain. Patients underwent deep phenotyping via a comprehensive assessment including clinical exam, questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing to dissect central post-stroke pain from chronic pain in general and stroke. While central post-stroke pain was mostly located in the face and limbs, non-neuropathic pain was predominantly axial and located in neck, shoulders and knees (P < 0.05). Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory clusters burning (82.1%, n = 32, P < 0.001), tingling (66.7%, n = 26, P < 0.001) and evoked by cold (64.1%, n = 25, P < 0.001) occurred more frequently in central post-stroke pain. Hyperpathia, thermal and mechanical allodynia also occurred more commonly in this group (P < 0.001), which also presented higher levels of deafferentation (P < 0.012) with more asymmetric cold and warm detection thresholds compared with controls. In particular, cold hypoesthesia (considered when the threshold of the affected side was <41% of the contralateral threshold) odds ratio (OR) was 12 (95% CI: 3.8–41.6) for neuropathic pain. Additionally, cold detection threshold/warm detection threshold ratio correlated with the presence of neuropathic pain (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.001). Correlations were found between specific neuropathic pain symptom clusters and quantitative sensory testing: paroxysmal pain with cold (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.008) and heat pain thresholds (ρ = 0.5; P = 0.003), burning pain with mechanical detection (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.015) and mechanical pain thresholds (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.013), evoked pain with mechanical pain threshold (ρ = −0.3; P = 0.047). Logistic regression showed that the combination of cold hypoesthesia on quantitative sensory testing, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and the allodynia intensity on bedside examination explained 77% of the occurrence of neuropathic pain. These findings provide insights into the clinical-psychophysics relationships in central post-stroke pain and may assist more precise distinction of neuropathic from non-neuropathic post-stroke pain in clinical practice and in future trials

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systemsand 7.3% from private (out-of-pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Caridade Sao Vicente Paulo, Jundiai, SP, BrazilInst Med Integral Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Recife, PE, BrazilHosp Base FUNFARME & FAMERP, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIMC, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Sao Paulo INCT HPV, Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFundacao Univ Cardiol, Inst Cardiol Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Coracao Natal, Natal, RN, BrazilInst Cardiol Dist Fed, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao HU UFMA, Univ Hosp, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilHosp Evangelico, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, ES, BrazilHosp Coracao Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Nossa Senhora Salete, Inst Cirurgia Cardiovasc ICCV, Cascavel, PR, BrazilHosp Wilson Rosado, Mossoro, RN, BrazilHosp Bosque Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHosp Coracao HCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Coracao IP HCor, Ins Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Coracao InCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Conditioned Pain Modulation (C.P.M.): comparative study of three methods

Introdução: A modulação condicionada de dor (MCD) heterotópica forneceu informações clínicas potencialmente úteis, como resposta à medicação na dor neuropática ou a predição de dor após procedimentos cirúrgicos. Apesar desses avanços, vários aspectos metodológicos da MCD ainda precisam ser determinados, como o impacto do tipo de estímulo condicionante (EC) sobre a MCD, quando se controla a intensidade da dor evocada. Objetivos: Demonstrar diferenças nos efeitos da MCD usando três EC diferentes (de intensidade semelhante de dor evocada) nos mesmos indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo randomizado, cross-over em voluntários saudáveis (VS) e procurou-se diferenças no efeito MCD evocado por três EC diferentes [Estimulação dolorosa Isquemica via manguito (EDIM), Estimulação dolorosa termica com imersão na água (EDTIA) e Estimulação dolorosa térmica ao frio via Thermode (EDTFT)] no mesmo estímulo teste [(ET) -estimulaçãodedordecalorsupra - limiar doloroso com um thermode de contato de calor). É importante ressaltar que a faixa de dor evocada pelo ET não condicionado e pelo EC foi controlada. Além disso, o grau de desconforto evocado pelo EC [escala visual analógica (EVA: 0-100mm) ] foi medido antes do início do ET-condicionado. Resultados: Intensidade da dor EVA dos três ETs não condicionados foram semelhantes entre as três sessões. A MCD foi significativamente diferente entre os três tipos de EC (EDTIA = -0,43 ± 0,29; EDIM = -0,25 ± 0,24; e EDTFT = -0,23 ± 0,35; P= 0,005): a EDCP induziu a MCD significativamente em comparação com a EDIM (P = 0,004) e EDTFT (P = 0,005). Conclusões: Intensidades significativamente diferentes de MCD podem ser evocadas no mesmo indivíduo de acordo com a natureza do EC, mesmo quando se controla a intensidade do ET não condicionado e a dor evocada pelo EC. Isso pode ter implicações no planejamento de recomendações futuras e pode impactar a transição da MCD do laboratório para a prática clínicaIntroduction: Heterotopic conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has provided potentially useful clinical information such as response to medication in neuropathic pain or the prediction of pain after surgical procedures. Despite these advances, several methodological aspects of CPM remain to be determined, such as the impact of the conditioning stimulus (CS) type upon CPM, if one controls for its evoked-pain intensity. Objectives: To show differences in the effects of CPM using three different CS (of similar evoked-pain intensity) in the same individuals. Methods: We conducted a cross-over randomized study in healthy volunteers (HV) and looked-for differences in the CPM effect evoked by three differing CS [cuff-pressure pain stimulation (CuPS), cold pressor test (CoPT), and thermode-based cold painful stimulation (TCPS)] on the same test stimulus [(TS)-supra-threshold heat pain stimulation with a contact-heat thermode). Importantly, the range of pain evoked by the unconditioned TS and by the CS were controlled for. Also, the unpleasantness evoked by the CS [visual analogic scale (VAS:0-100mm)] was measured before the initiation of the conditioned-TS. Results: Pain intensity VAS of the three unconditioned TSs were similar between the three sessions. CPM was significantly different between the three types of CS (CoPT = -0.43 ± 0.29; CuPS = -0.25 ± 0.24; and TCPS = -0.23 ± 0.35; P=.005): CoPT induced significantly more robust CPM compared to CuPS (P=.004) and TCPS (P=.005). Conclusions: Significantly different intensities of CPM can be evoked on the same individual according to the nature of the CS, even when controlling for the intensity of the unconditioned-TS, and the pain evoked by the CS. This may have implications in the design of future recommendations and may impact the translation of CPM from the laboratory to clinical practic

CONHECIMENTO DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM DE UNIDADES MATERNO-INFANTIS FRENTE AOS DISTÚRBIOS GENÉTICOS

Los avances en el área de Genética Humana están revolucionando el entendimiento de salud-enfermedad, tornándose un reto y un impacto en la expansión del papel de la enfermería. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería para hacer frente a las anomalías genéticas. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo y transversal, realizado a través de entrevista realizada con 171 profesionales del equipo de enfermería de sectores maternoinfantiles. La mayoría de los entrevistados informó que es capaz de reconocer un síndrome genético, siendo el síndrome de Down el más conocido. Sin embargo, la mayoría no supo informar correctamente cuál sería el apoyo necesario en estos casos. Se observa que el equipo no está preparado para tratar este asunto con familiares de niños portadores de anomalías genéticas. Frente a lo expuesto, es necesaria la capacitación en este campo

Polimorfismos genéticos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular na pré-eclâmpsia Genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor in pre-eclampsia

OBJETIVO: Identificar polimorfismos genéticos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF), posições +936C/T e -2578C/A, em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia. MÉTODOS:Trata-se de um estudo transversal,constituído por 80 mulheres distribuídas em dois grupos: pré-eclâmpsia e grupo controle. A caracterização da amostra foi realizada mediante entrevista pré-estruturadae complementada por dados transcritos dos prontuários. Para identificação dos polimorfismos foi realizada extração de DNA, amplificação das sequências pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com primers específicos e análise por Polimorfismos de Comprimentos de Fragmentos de Restrição (RFLP). A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada de forma descritiva e pelo teste do <img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rbgo/v33n7/a07.jpg">. O modelo de regressão logística múltipla foi utilizado para determinar o efeito dos polimorfismos na pré-eclampsia. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se uma maior frequência do alelo T do polimorfismo VEGF +936C/T nas pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia, embora com diferença não significativa.A presença do alelo A do VEGF -2578C/A foi maior no grupo controle, com diferença significativa. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi observada associação significativa do polimorfismo VEGF +936C/T com a pré-eclâmpsia. Para o polimorfismo VEGF -2578C/A observa-se diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo o alelo A mais frequente no controle, sugerindo a possibilidade da portadora do alelo A apresentar menor suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia.<br>PURPOSE: To identify genetic polymorphisms of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), positions +936C/T and -2578C/A, in women with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 women divided into two groups: pre-eclampsia and control. The sample was characterized using a pre-structured interview and data transcribed from the medical records. DNA extraction, amplification of sequences by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers and polymorphism analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to identify polymorphisms. The statistical analysis was performedin a descriptive manner and using the <img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rbgo/v33n7/a07.jpg">test. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of polymorphisms on pre-eclampsia. RESULTS:Ahigher frequency of the T allele of theVEGF +936C/T polymorphism was observedin patients with pre-eclampsia, but with no significant difference. The presence of allele A of the VEGF -2578C/A was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS:No significant association was observed between VEGF +936C/Tpolymorphism andpre-eclampsia. For the VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism a significant differencewas observed between thecontrol and pre-eclampsia group, with allele A being the most frequent in the control, suggesting the possibility that carriers of allele A have lower susceptibility to the development of pre-eclampsia