Materialização da experiência artística em substrato têxtil

Dissertação de mestrado em Design e MarketingA Arte sempre acompanhou a evolução do tempo. Retratando épocas, os artistas assumiram um papel de narradores pictóricos, atribuindo à arte diversas funções: mágicas, representativas, práticas e de celebração, didácticas e explicativas, estéticas e cognitivas. Actualmente, a arte assume funções educativas, políticas, sociais e mercantis. Novos instrumentos, característicos da nossa época, têm vindo a ser experimentados em busca do conhecimento das suas possibilidades como meios para transmitir um pensamento actual, de modo mais completo, mais claro e o mais universal possível, acentuando a função experimental da arte. A colocação da indústria têxtil ao serviço da arte e o consequente recurso a processos de produção industrial para a materialização das obras, permite ao artista dotar-se de meios que melhor satisfaçam as suas «fantasias». No trabalho experimental realizado ao longo do presente projecto, ficou demonstrada a adequação de substratos têxteis em obras de artes, quer ao nível da capacidade expressiva quer ao nível da funcionalidade do objecto de arte. A utilização de suportes utilitários, nomeadamente suportes têxteis e a produção em pequenas séries, permite cumprir a necessidade de fazer chegar a obra a um público mais vasto. Assim concretizada, a obra torna-se um objecto com carga simbólica e, ao mesmo tempo, conserva a funcionalidade do seu suporte. Pretende-se com isso que o seu fruidor defina o seu uso, seja quotidiano ou contemplativo. A obra de arte aproxima-se intimamente do seu público, o qual a pode usufruir, ou não, enquanto objecto simbólico.The art has always followed the evolution of civilizations. By portraying historical periods, artists assumed an important role as pictorial narrators. Arts perform several functions: magic, representative, functional and celebratory, educational and explanatory, aesthetic and cognitive. Nowadays, art performs educational, political social and commercial functions. New tools are being experimented by artists who are engaged in discovering their capability to express the spirit of our time. They try today, as they always have, to find new means to communicate their aesthetic experiences in a more complete, clear and universal way, enhancing the experimental function of art. Textile industries and materials give the artist the possibility to use industrial production to materialize his work of art. In fact, this resource offers the artist new means to express his fantasies. The experimental work developed in this project demonstrated the capability of textile materials and technologies to fulfill the expression needs of the artist without losing their functional performance as textile objects. Using functional objects as expression subtract, namely textile products made in small runs, allows the artist to reach a broader audience. The resulting object assumes the symbolic meaning without losing its practical function. This way, the user can define how he enjoys the object: as a work of art, as a functional object or both

Similarity and income content at the international trade: The case of BRICS during the period 2000/09

This study aimed to calculate the patterns of similarity and income content of Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports by means of indexes, and compare those patterns with those of OECD countries, covering a period between 2000 and 2009. The results indicate that Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports became more similar between 2000 and 2006, but that similarity has declined ever since. Exports from China and India, in turn, are increasingly similar to each other and less different from the exports of OECD countries. Export sophistication has increased over the years, with higher growth rates in China and India. India and Russia's sophistication indexes surpassed that of Brazil in 2007, which signal that those countries currently export products with higher content of income. The study also indicated that Brazil has been losing market share for China and India as an exporter of sophisticated products. --Exports,Brazil,Russia,China,India,similarity,income content

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a system-based approach for managing neonatal jaundice and preventing kernicterus in Ontario

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of a system-based approach for the management of neonatal jaundice and the prevention of kernicterus in term and late-preterm (≥35 weeks) infants, compared with the traditional practice based on visual inspection and selected bilirubin testing. STUDY DESIGN: Two hypothetical cohorts of 150,000 term and late-preterm neonates were used to compare the costs and outcomes associated with the use of a system-based or traditional practice approach. Data for the evaluation were obtained from the case costing centre at a large teaching hospital in Ontario, supplemented by data from the literature. RESULTS: The per child cost for the system-based approach cohort was $176, compared with$173 in the traditional practice cohort. The higher cost associated with the system-based cohort reflects increased costs for predischarge screening and treatment and increased postdischarge follow-up visits. These costs are partially offset by reduced costs from fewer emergency room visits, hospital readmissions and kernicterus cases. Compared with the traditional approach, the cost to prevent one kernicterus case using the system-based approach was $570,496, the cost per life year gained was$26,279, and the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained was $65,698. CONCLUSION: The cost to prevent one kernicterus case using the system-based approach is much lower than previously reported in the literature. ©2012 Pulsus Group Inc. All rights reserved

Contenido de la Renta de las exportaciones mundiales de café

Coffee is the most widely commercialized tropical product on the international market. The 2009/10 crop had an estimated value of $15.4 billion, with 93.4 million bags exported. According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO, 2011), the coffee sector employed around 26 million people in 56 producing countries and over 100 exporting countries. But how would coffee products rank, in terms of income content, in relation to other commercialized products, and how have they evolved? To answer this question, the annual income content of 5,111 products exported by 167 countries from the period between 2000 and 2009, was calculated. Data from the UNCOMTRADE (2011), and “sophistication” indicators proposed by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003) who classify different products according to their productivity, were used. An emphasis was put on five coffee products (whole grain, roasted, decaffeinated, caffeinated, and soluble), showing the evolution of the number of exporting countries and of the “sophistication” index (income content), whose temporal variation was decomposed by the effects of competitiveness and income per capita changes. The results showed that non-roasted, non-decaffeinated, whole grain coffee is still the most commercialized product, but with the lowest income content of all coffee products, occupying the twenty-fourth worst position in terms of income content in 2009. The roasted, decaffeinated coffee presented the greatest income growth in the period, placing itself in the 3,309th position in 2009. The decomposition of the index showed that for coffee products with the most processing, the greatest cause of export sophistication growth was the Revealed Comparative Advantage effect. Products with the least amount of processing presented a loss in relative market share, with the addition of values to the production chain occurring outside those countries producing the raw materials.El café es el producto tropical más comercializado en el mercado internacional. La cosecha de 2009/10 fue estimada en 15,4 mil millones de dólares, con 93,4 millones de sacos exportados. Según la Organización Internacional del Café (ICO, 2011), el sector cafetero ha empleado alrededor de 26 millones de personas en 56 países productores y en más de 100 países exportadores. Sin embargo, ¿cómo los tipos de café podrían ser clasificados, en cuanto al ingreso, en relación a otros productos comercializados, y cómo han evolucionado? Para contestar a esta pregunta, se han calculado los ingresos anuales de 5.111 productos exportados por 167 países en el período comprendido entre 2000 y 2009. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través del UNCOMTRADE (2011), y se han utilizado los indicadores de "sofisticación" propuestos por Hausmann y Rodrik (2003) que clasifican los diferentes productos en función de sus productividades. Se hizo especial hincapié en cinco tipos de café (grano entero, tostado, descafeinado, con cafeína y soluble), que muestra la evolución del número de países exportadores y del índice de "sofisticación" (relacionado a los ingresos), cuya variación temporal se ha descompuesto por los efectos de la competitividad y por los cambios en la renta per cápita. Los resultados mostraron que el café sin tostar, con cafeína y de grano entero sigue siendo el más comercializado, pero presenta el nivel más bajo de ingreso de todos los tipos de café, ocupando el vigésimo cuarto puesto de peor nivel de ingreso en 2009. El café tostado y descafeinado presentó el mayor crecimiento de ingresos en el período, ubicándose en el puesto 3309º en 2009. La descomposición del índice mostró que para los tipos de café con mayor procesamiento, la principal causa del crecimiento de la sofisticación de las exportaciones fue el efecto de la ventaja comparativa revelada. Los productos con menor cantidad de procesamiento presentaron una pérdida de cuota relativa de mercado, con el valor añadido a la cadena de producción llevado a cabo afuera de los países productores de materias primas

Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Background: Chronic lung disease (CLD) occurs frequently in preterm infants. Bronchodilators have the potential effect of dilating small airways with muscle hypertrophy. Increased compliance and tidal volume and decreased pulmonary resistance have been documented with the use of bronchodilators in infants with CLD. Therefore, bronchodilators might have a role in the prevention and treatment of CLD. Objectives: To determine the effect of bronchodilators given as prophylaxis or as treatment for CLD on mortality and other complications of preterm birth in infants at risk for or identified as having CLD. Search methods: On 2016 March 7, we used the standard strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 2), MEDLINE (from 1966), Embase (from 1980) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; from 1982). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving preterm infants were eligible for inclusion. Initiation of bronchodilator therapy for prevention of CLD had to occur within two weeks of birth. Treatment of patients with CLD had to be initiated before discharge from the neonatal unit. The intervention had to include administration of a bronchodilator by nebulisation, by metered dose inhaler (with or without a spacer device) or by intravenous or oral administration versus placebo or no intervention. Eligible studies had to include at least one of the following predefined clinical outcomes: mortality, CLD, number of days on oxygen, number of days on ventilator, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), pneumothorax, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) of any grade, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and adverse effects of bronchodilators. Data collection and analysis: We used the standard method described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011). Two review authors extracted and assessed all data provided by each study. We reported risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. We assessed the quality of the evidence by using the GRADE approach. Main results: For this update, we identified one new randomised controlled trial investigating effects of bronchodilators in preterm infants. This study, which enrolled 73 infants but reported on 52 infants, examined prevention of CLD with the use of aminophylline. According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence was very low. One previously included study enrolled 173 infants to look at prevention of CLD with the use of salbutamol. According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence was moderate. We found no eligible trial that studied the use of bronchodilator therapy for treatment of individuals with CLD. Prophylaxis with salbutamol led to no statistically significant differences in mortality (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.31; RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.11) nor in CLD (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.37; RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.17). Results showed no statistically significant differences in other complications associated with CLD nor in preterm birth. Investigators in this study did not comment on side effects due to salbutamol. Prophylaxis with aminophylline led to a significant reduction in CLD at 28 days of life (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.74; RD -0.35, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.13; NNTB 3, 95% CI 2 to 8) and no significant difference in mortality (RR 3.0, 95% CI 0.33 to 26.99; RD 0.08, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.22), along with a significantly shorter dependency on supplementary oxygen in the aminophylline group compared with the no treatment group (MD -17.75 days, 95% CI -27.56 to -7.94). Tests for heterogeneity were not applicable for any of the analyses, as each meta-analysis included only one study. Authors\u27 conclusions: Data are insufficient for reliable assessment of the use of salbutamol for prevention of CLD. One trial of poor quality reported a reduction in the incidence of CLD and shorter duration of supplementary oxygen with prophylactic aminophylline, but these results must be interpreted with caution. Additional clinical trials are necessary to assess the role of bronchodilator agents in prophylaxis or treatment of CLD. Researchers studying the effects of bronchodilators in preterm infants should include relevant clinical outcomes in addition to pulmonary mechanical outcomes. We identified no trials that studied the use of bronchodilator therapy for treatment of CLD

Aspectos dialetais do português da região norte do Brasil : um estudo sobre as vogais pretônicas e sobre o léxico no Baixo Amazonas (PA) e no Médio Solimões (AM)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2013.Esta pesquisa, obedecendo aos métodos e aos princípios geolinguísticos da Dialetologia Pluridimensional, abordou as realizações fonéticas das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ e a variação lexical na região do Baixo Amazonas/PA, de onde foram selecionados como pontos de inquérito o Igarapé do Juruti-velho e a vila do Juruti-velho, e na região do Médio Solimões/AM, de onde foram selecionadas também como pontos de inquérito as comunidades Ariri, Saubinha, Itapéua, Costa do Juçara, e as cidades de Coari, Codajás e Anamã. Nossa hipótese se baseou, primeiro em nível fonético, na caracterização do dialeto solimoense pela presença das variantes pretônicas anteriores [e], [?] e [i], e posteriores [o], [?] e [u]; e na caracterização do dialeto jurutiense pela presença predominante das vogais pretônicas médias altas [e] e [o]. Segundo, em nível lexical, pela presença de variantes lexicais específicas em cada região. Foram entrevistados em cada ponto de inquérito oito informantes, obedecendo às dimensões gênero, escolaridade e faixa etária. A pesquisa visou descrever e analisar as realizações fonéticas das vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no contexto intra e extralinguístico e as variantes lexicais no falar solimoense (Médio Solimões) e no falar jurutiense (Baixo Amazonas). Para isso, foram usados um questionário fonético-fonológico contendo 101 questões e um questionário semântico-lexical contendo 192 questões. Foram elaboradas 82 cartas fonéticas e 75 cartas lexicais. Conforme a análise, que levou em consideração o contexto intra e extralinguístico, além das variantes médias fechadas [e] e [o], houve alteamento para [i] e [u] e abaixamento para [?] e [?]. No geral, sem considerarmos a realidade linguística de cada ponto de inquérito e de cada vocábulo, foram 4.752 ocorrências de /e/, sendo 1.623 (34%) de [?], 1.450 (31%) de [e], 1.149 (24%) de [i], entre outras variantes menos expressivas. Na região do Baixo Amazonas predominaram as variantes pretônicas fechadas [e] e [o], com registros percentuais, respectivamente, de 41% (428 ocorrências) e de 41% (333 ocorrências). No Médio Solimões houve uma flutuação entre as vogais anteriores [?], [e] e [i], com registros percentuais, respectivamente, de 37% (1.361 ocorrências), de 28% (1.022 ocorrências) e de 24% (900 ocorrências); e entre as vogais posteriores [u], [o] e [?] com registros percentuais, respectivamente, de 28% (798 ocorrências), de 28% (805 ocorrências) e de 27% (765 ocorrências). Na variação lexical representada no espaço cartográfico, houve algumas diferenças dialetais existentes entre a Região do Médio Solimões e a do Baixo Amazonas. Abstract : This research, following geolinguistic methods and principles of the Pluridimensional Dialectology, has approached phonetic realizations of the pretonic middle vowels /e/ e /o/ and the lexical variation on the Low Amazonas/PA region, from where were selected, as inquire points, Igarapé do Juruti-velho and Juruti-velho village, and on the Middle Solimões/AM region, from where were also selected, as inquire points, the Ariri, Saubinha, Itapéua, Costa do Juçara communities, and the towns of Coari, Codajás and Anamã. Our hypothesis was based, firstly, on the phonetic level, on the characterization of the Solimonense dialect by the presence of the front pretonic variants [e], ??? e ??], e???????? e ??? as posterior pretonic variants; and on the characterization of the Jurutiense dialect by the predominant presence of the high middle pretonic vowels ??? and [??. Secondly, on the lexical level, by the presence of specific lexical variants on each region. Eight (8) informants were interviewed on each inquire point, following gender, schooling, and age level dimensions. The research aimed to describe and analyze the phonetic realizations of the pretonic middle vowels ??/ and ??/, on intra and extra linguistic context, and the lexical variants on the Solimonense (Middle Solimoes) speech and on the Jurutiense (Low Amazonas) speech. For this, we have used a phonetic-phonologic questionnaire containing 101 questions, and a semantic-lexical questionnaire containing 192 questions. 82 phonetic charts and 75 lexical charts were built. According to the analysis which has taken into consideration the intra and extra linguistic context, besides the close middle variants ??? and ??], there was a raising to ??? and [?] and a lowering to ??? and ??]. In general, without considering the linguistic reality on each inquire point, and each lexical entry, there were 4.752 occurrences of ??/, being 1.623 (34%) of [?], 1.450 (31%) of ???? 1.149 (24%) of [??, among other less expressive variants. On the region of Low Amazonas, the close pretonic variants ??? and [?? were predominant, with respective percentage registers of 41% (428 occurrences) and of 41% (333 occurrences). On the Middle Solimões, there was a fluctuation between the anterior vowels ???????? and ??], with percentage registers, respectively, of 37% (1.361 occurrences), of 28% (1.022 occurrences) and of 24% (900 occurrences); and the posterior vowels ???????? and [?], with percentage registers, respectively of 28% (798 occurrences), of 28% (805 occurrences) and of 27% (765 occurrences). On the lexical variation represented on the cartographic space, there were some dialectal differences occurred between the Middle Solimões and the Low Amazonas regions