The Effect of Political Crisis between Countries on International Trade and International Logistics: A Qualitative Study on Turkey-Russia Relations

International trade and international logistics operations, which rose due to changes in international trade are exactly affected by fluctuations in cross-country political, economic and socio-cultural relations. Leading effects of conflicts which countries sometimes experience especially in the political arena manifests itself primarily by affecting foreign trade firms working with concerned countries and international logistics firms negatively. The study aims to identify the consequences that could reveal for international trade and logistics sector of politically strained Turkey-Russia relations recently by focusing mainly on road transportation. In order to accomplish its purpose, the study describes results of political tensions between two countries by making in-depth interviews with representatives of international trade and logistics firms working with Russia in Turkey in the light of opinion of sector representatives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the answers acquired from in depth interviews with the foreign trade and international logistics companies that makes business with Russia by using content analysis and to clarify the effects of the political tension.Keywords: Political Relations, Political Crisis, International Trade, International Logistics.JEL Class.: F14, O11, P16.Abstract. International trade and international logistics operations, which rose due to changes in international trade are exactly affected by fluctuations in cross-country political, economic and socio-cultural relations. Leading effects of conflicts which countries sometimes experience especially in the political arena manifests itself primarily by affecting foreign trade firms working with concerned countries and international logistics firms negatively. The study aims to identify the consequences that could reveal for international trade and logistics sector of politically strained Turkey-Russia relations recently by focusing mainly on road transportation. In order to accomplish its purpose, the study describes results of political tensions between two countries by making in-depth interviews with representatives of international trade and logistics firms working with Russia in Turkey in the light of opinion of sector representatives.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the answers acquired from in depth interviews with the foreign trade and international logistics companies that makes business with Russia by using content analysis and to clarify the effects of the political tension.Keywords: Political relations, Political crisis, International trade, International logistics.JEL. F14, O11, P16

The past, today and future of incoterms in international delivery: A review on the innovations in logistics

Abstract. Incoterms; are the rules regulating the distribution of responsibilities and costs between the parties at the stages of transportation and delivery of goods, regulated by the International Chamber of Commerce. Incoterms items are expressed with abbreviations consisting of English definitions' initials. They provide a common language so that every company in a global world apprehends the same way of actions in distribution and transportation. Eventually, the firms deliver their products as expected. Incoterms mentions the changes in the abbreviations as well as the transactions. International commercial terms (Incoterms) have played an essential role in implementing global trade since 1936.  As the international commercial terms are updated every ten years, the companies are more likely to be affected by the innovations made in Incoterms. In the first part of this study, Incoterms are evaluated according to how it is changed from past to present in terms of quality and quantity. In the second part, the study continues with the evaluation of delivery terms and it is questioned if the changes in the logistics have a source effect on international trade. At the end of the study, implications are given on how changes in logistics can shape the future of international commercial terms.Keywords: International logistics, International commercial terms (Incoterms), Delivery terms, International trade.JEL. F02, F13, R42