Mechanisms and kinetics of cellulose fermentation for protein production

The development of a process (and ancillary processing and analytical techniques) to produce bacterial single-cell protein of good nutritional quality from waste cellulose is discussed. A fermentation pilot plant and laboratory were developed and have been in operation for about two years. Single-cell protein (SCP) can be produced from sugarcane bagasse--a typical agricultural cellulosic waste. The optimization and understanding of this process and its controlling variables are examined. Both batch and continuous fermentation runs have been made under controlled conditions in the 535 liter pilot plant vessel and in the laboratory 14-liter fermenters

Rich environments for active learning: a definition

Rich Environments for Active Learning, or REALs, are comprehensive instructional systems that evolve from and are consistent with constructivist philosophies and theories. To embody a constructivist view of learning, REALs: promote study and investigation within authentic contexts; encourage the growth of student responsibility, initiative, decision making, and intentional learning; cultivate collaboration among students and teachers; utilize dynamic, interdisciplinary, generative learning activities that promote higher-order thinking processes to help students develop rich and complex knowledge structures; and assess student progress in content and learning-to-learn within authentic contexts using realistic tasks and performances. REALs provide learning activities that engage students in a continuous collaborative process of building and reshaping understanding as a natural consequence of their experiences and interactions within learning environments that authentically reflect the world around them. In this way, REALs are a response to educational practices that promote the development of inert knowledge, such as conventional teacher-to-student knowledge-transfer activities. In this article, we describe and organize the shared elements of REALs, including the theoretical foundations and instructional strategies to provide a common ground for discussion. We compare existing assumptions underlying education with new assumptions that promote problem-solving and higher-level thinking. Next, we examine the theoretical foundation that supports these new assumptions. Finally, we describe how REALs promote these new assumptions within a constructivist framework, defining each REAL attribute and providing supporting examples of REAL strategies in action

The Constitutional Rights of Sexual Minorities: A Crisis of the Male/Female Dichotomy

The United States legal system presently defines every person as either male or female by reference to the genital anatomy of that person. Categorization of the individual by sex, however, carries several explicit and implicit legal consequences. In this Article, the author examines the implications of this two-sex presumption for the constitutional claims of sexual minorities. The author concludes that a vigorous and expansive reexamination of the two-sex presumption is urgently needed

Foundering on the Seas of Hopelessness

A Review of Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law by Richard D. Moh

Gay Men and Lesbians Down by Law in the 1990\u27s USA: The Continuing Toll of Bowers v. Hardwick

This Article will take a look at these developments and will review the progress, stasis and backsliding of the movement for gay/lesbian civil rights, since (although not necessarily because of nor despite) the Supreme Court\u27s decision of the Hardwick case. A review of all gay/lesbian rights cases decided since Hardwick is not contemplated here, even were such an enterprise practicable. Instead, this article attempts an exploration of some cases and situations in the layered social, psychological and political context in which these legal phenomena are occurring. The purpose is to determine what lessons we have learned in the years since Hardwick, and especially whether the legal system can be made more responsive to the cries of justice for sexual minority persons