Cyclic Peptides as Topological Templates in Biomimetic Chemistry

Cyclic decapeptides containing up to four orthogonally protected lysine residues or selectively addressable faces represent a new class of Regioselectively Addressable Functionalized Templates (RAFT). We summarize here recent synthetic aspects and conformational properties of these constrained peptides along with potential applications for RAFT molecules in bioorganic chemistry and protein design

Extending the Proline Effect: ΨPro for Tailoring cis-trans Isomerisation

Pseudo-Prolines (ΨPro) consist of (4S)-oxazolidine- and (4R)-thiazolidine-carboxylic acids derived from amino acids Ser, Thr and Cys. They represent new branched proline analogues in which variation of the substituents (R1, R2, R3) results in different physicochemical and conformational properties. We summarise here the relevant chemical and structural aspects of such super-prolines intended to constrain and control the peptide backbone in β-turn motifs or to alter the imide cis-trans ratio

Protein de novo Design

The ultimate goal in protein de novo design is the construction of artificial proteins exhibiting tailor-made structural and functional properties. To create native-like macromolecules in copying nature's way has proven to be difficult because the mechanism of folding in its complexity has yet to be unraveled. In order to bypass the well-known folding problem, we have developed the concept of template assembled synthetic proteins (TASP); this meanwhile widely accepted strategy uses topological templates as 'built-in' devices for the induction of well-defined folding topologies. Progress in synthetic strategies, e.g., chemoselective ligation methods and orthogonal protection techniques open the way for the design of more complex TASP molecules featuring functional properties such as membrane channels, vaccines, catalysts, receptors, or ligands

Hybridization properties and enzymatic replication of oligonucleotides containing the photocleavable 7-nitroindole base analog

Universal DNA base analogs having photocleavable properties would be of great interest for development of new nucleic acid fragmentation tools. The photocleavable 7-nitroindole 2′-deoxyribonucleoside d(7-Ni) was previously shown to furnish a highly efficient approach to photochemically trigger DNA backbone cleavage at preselected position when inserted in a DNA fragment. In the present report, we examine its potential use as universal DNA nucleoside, by analogy with the 5-nitroindole analog that is generally considered as universal base. The d(7-Ni) phosphoramidite was incorporated into oligonucleotides. Hybridization properties of resulting 11mer duplexes indicated a behavior close to that of the 5-nitroindole analog. Enzymatic recognition by Klenow fragment exonuclease-free using 40mers containing the unnatural bases as templates indicated notably a decrease of the polymerase activity with preferential incorporation of dAMP opposite both the 7-Ni and 5-Ni bases. Incorporation of the d(7-Ni) triphosphate was also studied indicating absence of significant differences between the incorporation kinetics opposite each natural base in the template. All the hybridization and enzymatic data indicate that 7-nitroindole can be considered as a cleavable base analog, although not strictly fulfilling, like the 5-nitro isomer, all properties required for a universal base

Multivalent Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibitors

Biomolecular recognition using a multivalent strategy has been successfully applied, this last decade on several biological targets, especially carbohydrate-processing enzymes, proteases, and phosphorylases. This strategy is based on the fact that multivalent interactions of several inhibitory binding units grafted on a presentation platform may enhance the binding affinity and selectivity. The zinc metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are considered as drug targets for several pathologies, and different inhibitors found clinical applications as diuretics, antiglaucoma agents, anticonvulsants, and anticancer agents/diagnostic tools. Their main drawback is related to the lack of isoform selectivity leading to serious side effects for all pathologies in which they are employed. Thus, the multivalent approach may open new opportunities in the drug design of innovative isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with biomedical applications

Optical-guided surgery of the feline fibrosarcoma & Development and characterization of a bi-functional vector for cancer targeting

Actuellement, la chirurgie représente la première indication pour la thérapie du cancer. Néanmoins, la résection complète du tissu tumoral, la détection des micrométastases et la préservation des tissus sains pendant l'intervention représentent un enjeu majeur et influencent fortement le pronostic du patient. Les récents développements technologiques en imagerie pour la chirurgie guidée des cancers ont conduit à des résultats précliniques prometteurs et les premiers essais cliniques utilisant des traceurs non-spécifiques confirment déjà le potentiel de ces systèmes pour l'amélioration de la chirurgie. De plus, le diagnostic précoce des tumeurs, ainsi que le développement de thérapies ciblées sont également des axes majeurs de recherche en cancérologie. Dans ce contexte notre équipe a précédemment développé un vecteur synthétique ciblant un récepteur cellulaire l'intégrine aVb3. Ce vecteur est constitué d'un châssis décapeptidique cyclique RAFT (Regioselectively Addressable Functionalized Template) et présentant deux domaines indépendants permettant de séparer les deux fonctions du vecteur. Sur un domaine, la fonction de ciblage est assurée par la présentation multivalente de ligands -RGD- spécifiques du récepteur. L'autre domaine du vecteur porte les molécules d'intérêt à vectoriser, agents thérapeutiques ou de détection pour l'imagerie médicale. Dans la première partie de ces travaux, nous avons évalué la combinaison de ce vecteur couplé à un fluorophore avec une sonde portative pour imager et guider le chirurgien pendant la chirurgie des fibrosarcomes spontanés chez le chat. Cette étude représente une preuve de concept pour la translation clinique chez l'homme. Les résultats ont montré que l'injection du traceur ne provoquait pas d'effets toxiques chez le chat et permettait un marquage spécifique de la tumeur avec un bon ratio tumeur/tissu sain, qui devrait améliorer la qualité de la résection tumorale en aidant le chirurgien à mieux délimiter les marges du tissu tumoral. Dans la seconde partie de ces travaux nous avons développé un nouveau vecteur bi-fonctionnel dérivé du RAFT-RGD. Au composé d'origine a été ajoutée une séquence peptidique clivable par la matrixmetalloprotease-9, une enzyme surexprimée dans la tumorigénèse. Cette molécule à fluorescence activable a montré une amélioration du ciblage tumoral in vitro et in vivo comparée au RAFT-RGD suggérant un effet additionnel lié au double ciblage. Ces résultats préliminaires encouragent la poursuite de sa caractérisation pour son potentiel de pro-drug mais également pour l'étude des interactions entre l'intégrine et l'environment tumoraux.Cancer surgery is still the gold standard therapy in most cancers. Nevertheless, total tumor resection and metastasis detection while preserving healthy tissues represent a crucial point for further prognosis. Development of imaging technologies for intra-operative guided surgery provided promising results and efficient application in preclinical studies and first clinical trials using non-specific tracers already confirmed the improved out-come in surgery. Moreover early and precise diagnosis and targeted therapies are major domains of cancer research. In this context our team previously developed a synthetic vector based on a cyclic decapeptide scaffold RAFT (Regioselectively Addressable Functionalized Template) which allows the independent functionalizing of two domains: a targeting domain with multivalent RGD-ligand targeting the cell receptor integrin aVb3, and a vehicle domain grafted with a pro-drug or an imaging agent. One part of this work consisted in the evaluation of the combination of this molecule carrying a fluorophore with a portable fluorescent imaging device for image-guided surgery of natural occurring feline fibrosarcomas. This study represents a proof of concept for further translation into human clinics. No toxic effects in cats after administration of the tracer could be reported. Furthermore the tumors were specifically labeled showing a good tumor-to-healthy tissue ratio. This should improve tumor resection by helping the surgeon to delineate tumor margins. In parallel we developed a bi-functinal derivative of the RAFT-RGD. Therefore we engrafted a peptide sequence flanked by two fluorophores, which is activatable by matrixmetalloprotease-9, an enzyme overexpressed in tumors. This molecule showed an improved tumor labeling in vitro and in vivo compared to the conventional RAFT-RGD, suggesting an additional effect of the double targeting. These preliminary results encourage further caracterisation for its potential as pro-drug vehicle, as well as for studying interactions between the integrin and the tumor environment.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

A liquid crystalline phase in spermidine-condensed DNA

Over a large range of salt and spermidine concentrations, short DNA fragments precipitated by spermidine (a polyamine) sediment in a pellet from a dilute isotropic supernatant. We report here that the DNA-condensed phase consists of a cholesteric liquid crystal in equilibrium with a more concentrated phase. These results are discussed according to Flory's theory for the ordering of rigid polymers. The liquid crystal described here corresponds to an ordering in the presence of attractive interactions, in contrast with classical liquid crystalline DNA. Polyamines are often used in vitro to study the functional properties of DNA. We suggest that the existence of a liquid crystalline state in spermidine-condensed DNA is relevant to these studies