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Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora
Background
The best documented survival responses of organisms to past climate change on short (glacial-interglacial) timescales are distributional shifts. Despite ample evidence on such timescales for local adaptations of populations at specific sites, the long-term impacts of such changes on evolutionary significant units in response to past climatic change have been little documented. Here we use phylogenies to reconstruct changes in distribution and flowering ecology of the Cape flora - South Africa's biodiversity hotspot - through a period of past (Neogene and Quaternary) changes in the seasonality of rainfall over a timescale of several million years.
Results
Forty-three distributional and phenological shifts consistent with past climatic change occur across the flora, and a comparable number of clades underwent adaptive changes in their flowering phenology (9 clades; half of the clades investigated) as underwent distributional shifts (12 clades; two thirds of the clades investigated). Of extant Cape angiosperm species, 14-41% have been contributed by lineages that show distributional shifts consistent with past climate change, yet a similar proportion (14-55%) arose from lineages that shifted flowering phenology.
Conclusions
Adaptive changes in ecology at the scale we uncover in the Cape and consistent with past climatic change have not been documented for other floras. Shifts in climate tolerance appear to have been more important in this flora than is currently appreciated, and lineages that underwent such shifts went on to contribute a high proportion of the flora's extant species diversity. That shifts in phenology, on an evolutionary timescale and on such a scale, have not yet been detected for other floras is likely a result of the method used; shifts in flowering phenology cannot be detected in the fossil record
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Detection of <I>Ralstonia solanacearum</I> in Potatoes: The South African Experience
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Chilling response of ''Granny Smith'' apple lateral buds inhibited by distal shoot tissues.
NatuurwetenskappeBiochemiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Endogenous cytokinin distribution patterns at budburst in Granny Smith and Braeburn apple shoots in relation to bud growth.
AgriwetenskappeHortologiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Phylogenetic relationships in disa based on non-coding <I>TRN</I>L-<I>TRN</I>F chloroplast sequences: evidence of numerous repeat regions.
NatuurwetenskappeBiochemiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Molecular phylogeny supports model of bulb evolution in southern African <I>Oxalis</I>: Morphological and taxonomic implications
Please help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected] en Dierkund
Systemic relationships in southern African <I>Oxalis</I> L. (Oxalidaceae): congruence between palynological and plastid <I>trnL-F</I> evidence
NatuurwetenskappeBotaniePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Antibody responses to La Sota strain vaccines of Newcastle disease virus in Ostriches (<I>Struthio Camelus</I>) as detected by ELISA.
NatuurwetenskappeBiochemiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
The Migration of the Palaeotropical Arid Flora: Zygophylloideae as an Example
NatuurwetenskappeBiochemiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]