Prevention of Wear Particle-Induced Osteolysis by a Novel V-ATPase Inhibitor Saliphenylhalamide through Inhibition of Osteoclast Bone Resorption

Wear particle-induced peri-implant loosening (Aseptic prosthetic loosening) is one of the most common causes of total joint arthroplasty. It is well established that extensive bone destruction (osteolysis) by osteoclasts is responsible for wear particle-induced peri-implant loosening. Thus, inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption should prevent wear particle induced osteolysis and may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for prosthetic loosening. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that saliphenylhalamide, a new V-ATPase inhibitor attenuates wear particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model. In vitro biochemical and morphological assays revealed that the inhibition of osteolysis is partially attributed to a disruption in osteoclast acidification and polarization, both a prerequisite for osteoclast bone resorption. Interestingly, the V-ATPase inhibitor also impaired osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of RANKL-induced NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. In conclusion, we showed that saliphenylhalamide affected multiple physiological processes including osteoclast differentiation, acidification and polarization, leading to inhibition of osteoclast bone resorption in vitro and wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. The results of the study provide proof that the new generation V-ATPase inhibitors, such as saliphenylhalamide, are potential anti-resorptive agents for treatment of peri-implant osteolysis

Abiotic ammonium formation in the presence of Ni-Fe metals and alloys and its implications for the Hadean nitrogen cycle

Experiments with dinitrogen-, nitrite-, nitrate-containing solutions were conducted without headspace in Ti reactors (200°C), borosilicate septum bottles (70°C) and HDPE tubes (22°C) in the presence of Fe and Ni metal, awaruite (Ni80Fe20) and tetrataenite (Ni50Fe50). In general, metals used in this investigation were more reactive than alloys toward all investigated nitrogen species. Nitrite and nitrate were converted to ammonium more rapidly than dinitrogen, and the reduction process had a strong temperature dependence. We concluded from our experimental observations that Hadean submarine hydrothermal systems could have supplied significant quantities of ammonium for reactions that are generally associated with prebiotic synthesis, especially in localized environments. Several natural meteorites (octahedrites) were found to contain up to 22 ppm Ntot. While the oxidation state of N in the octahedrites was not determined, XPS analysis of metals and alloys used in the study shows that N is likely present as nitride (N3-). This observation may have implications toward the Hadean environment, since, terrestrial (e.g., oceanic) ammonium production may have been supplemented by reduced nitrogen delivered by metal-rich meteorites. This notion is based on the fact that nitrogen dissolves into metallic melts

Efficacy of Major Plant Extracts/Molecules on Field Insect Pests

Insect pests are considered the major hurdle in enhancing the production and productivity of any farming system. The use of conventional synthetic pesticides has led to the emergence of pesticide-resistant insects, environmental pollution, and negative effects on natural enemies, which have caused an ecological imbalance of the predator-prey ratio and human health hazards; therefore, eco-friendly alternative strategies are required. The plant kingdom, a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites, can be tapped as an alternative for insect pest management strategies. A number of plants have been documented to have insecticidal properties against various orders of insects in vitro by acting as antifeedants, repellents, sterilant and oviposition deterrents, etc. However, only a few plant compounds are applicable at the field level or presently commercialised. Here, we have provided an overview of the broad-spectrum insecticidal activity of plant compounds from neem, Annona, Pongamia, and Jatropha. Additionally, the impact of medicinal plants, herbs, spices, and essential oils has been reviewed briefl

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Not AvailablePost-Flowering Stalk Rot (PFSR), Curvularia Leaf Spot (CLS) and Cyst Nematode (CN) are major threats of maize in the Central Western Zone of India particularly in Rajasthan. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effective component to manage these threats. A total of six and seven treatments were applied for management of Post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) and Curvularia leaf spot (CLS) diseases including fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals respectively. In case of PFSR, Out of six treatments, bioagent Trichoderma viride in 100 Kg FYM was found most effective with 78.34% disease control followed by, Propiconazole @ 0.1% spray at 40 days (77.89% disease control). In case of CLS, seed treatment with fungicides combination of Carbendazim +Mancozeb @0.25% as well as spray at 45 and 65 DAS @ 0.2% found most effective with 70.0% disease control followed by, Alliete ST @4g/Kg seed and FS at 45 and 60 DAS @ 0.2% (68.0% disease control).To manage the cyst nematode, four biocontrol agent with different concentration were applied as seed treatment. Out of these, bioagent Glomus fasciculatum 4% w/w showed maximum reduction (51.33 %) in females/5g root and Cyst/100cc soil (49.32%) followed by Metarrhizium anisopliae 4% w/w (41.59 % reduction in females/5g root and 41.32 % reduction in Cyst/100cc) . These effective components can be validated and used as effective management strategies of mentioned threats.Not Availabl

Effect of solution properties, competing ligands, and complexing metal on sorption of tetracyclines on Al-based drinking water treatment residuals

In the current batch study, we investigated the effect of solution properties, competing ligands (phosphate (P(V)) and sulfate), and complexing metal (calcium (Ca2+)) on tetracycline (TTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) sorption by Al-based drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTR). The sorption behavior for both TTC and OTC on Al-WTR was pH dependent. The sorption in absence of competing ligands and complexing metal increased with increasing pH up to circum-neutral pH and then decreased at higher pH. The presence of P(V) when added simultaneously had a significant negative effect (p \u3c 0.001) on the sorption of TTC and OTC adsorbed by Al-WTR at higher TTC/OTC:P ratios. However, when P(V) was added after the equilibration of TTC and OTC by Al-WTR, the effect was minimal and insignificant (p \u3e 0.1). The presence of sulfate had a minimal/negligible effect on the sorption of TCs by Al-WTR. A significant negative effect (p \u3c 0.001) on the adsorption of TCs by Al-WTR was observed in the pH range below 5 and at higher TCs:Ca2+ ratios, probably due to TCs-Ca2+ complex formation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the possibility of inner-sphere-type bonding by the functional groups of OTC/TTC on Al-WTR surface. Results from the batch sorption study indicate high affinity of Al-WTR for TCs in the pH range 4–8 (majorly encountered pH in the environment) in the presence of competing ligands and complexing metal

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Not AvailableOwing global climate change, surveillance is essential tool to detect changes in pattern of diseases in the crops. To fulfill this purpose surveys were conducted from 2013-18 in five maize growing zones of India viz., Northern hill Zone (NHZ), Northern West Plain Zone (NWPZ), Northern East Plain Zone (NEPZ), Peninsular Zone (PZ) and Central Western Zone (CWZ). The percent disease index (PDI) of maydis leaf blight (MLB) was moderate (45) to high (65) in 4 zones (NHZ, NWPZ, NEPZ and PZ) while low in CWZ (25). Though the lowest incidence of turcicum leaf blight (TLB) was reported from CWZ in 2013 but it has increased consistently. PDI of TLB was highest (46) in 2016 in NHZ whereas banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) appeared at higher intensity in NHZ and NWPZ. Moderate (42) infection of curvularia leaf spot (CLS) was observed in all the five zones whereas bacterial stalk rot (BSR) was restricted to NHZ and NWPZ with moderate infection (33-47). Post flowering stalk rots (Charcoal and Fusarium stalk rot) appeared at higher intensity in all the 4 zones except NEPZ. PDI of brown spot (BS) ranged from 15-47 in NHZ and CWZ. Sorghum downy mildew (SDM), polysora rust (PR) and wilt were observed with very low infection from PZ while bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and brown stripe downy mildew (BSDM) were observed in NWPZ. This study revealed that there is need to develop effective management toolsfor MLB, TLB, PFSR and BLSB as these are the most prevalent maize diseases in present scenarioNot Availabl