Muscle Tissue Damage Induced by the Venom of Bothrops asper: Identification of Early and Late Pathological Events through Proteomic Analysis

Citation: Herrera C, Macêdo JKA, Feoli A, Escalante T, Rucavado A, Gutiérrez JM, et al. (2016) Muscle Tissue Damage Induced by the Venom of Bothrops asper: Identification of Early and Late Pathological Events through Proteomic Analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(4): e0004599. doi:10.1371/journal. pntd.0004599The time-course of the pathological effects induced by the venom of the snake Bothrops asper in muscle tissue was investigated by a combination of histology, proteomic analysis of exudates collected in the vicinity of damaged muscle, and immunodetection of extracellular matrix proteins in exudates. Proteomic assay of exudates has become an excellent new methodological tool to detect key biomarkers of tissue alterations for a more integrative perspective of snake venom-induced pathology. The time-course analysis of the intracellular proteins showed an early presence of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins in exudates, while cytoskeletal proteins increased later on. This underscores the rapid cytotoxic effect of venom, especially in muscle fibers, due to the action of myotoxic phospholipases A2, followed by the action of proteinases in the cytoskeleton of damaged muscle fibers. Similarly, the early presence of basement membrane (BM) and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in exudates reflects the rapid microvascular damage and hemorrhage induced by snake venom metalloproteinases. The presence of fragments of type IV collagen and perlecan one hour after envenoming suggests that hydrolysis of these mechanically/structurally-relevant BM components plays a key role in the genesis of hemorrhage. On the other hand, the increment of some ECM proteins in the exudate at later time intervals is likely a consequence of the action of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or of de novo synthesis of ECM proteins during tissue remodeling as part of the inflammatory reaction. Our results offer relevant insights for a more integrative and systematic understanding of the time-course dynamics of muscle tissue damage induced by B. asper venom and possibly other viperid venoms.Universidad de Costa Rica/[741-B4-660]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[741-B6-125]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Correlação entre índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura em crianças Correlación entre índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura en niños Correlation between body mass index and waist circumference in children

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer uma correlação entre a circunferência da cintura e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) na determinação do excesso de peso e distribuição de gordura em crianças de escolas públicas de Fortaleza - CE. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em 12 escolas da rede da pública da cidade de Fortaleza- CE. Participaram 727 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade variando entre 6 a 11 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a junho de 2008. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do inquérito mostraram que, de acordo com o IMC,11,4% das crianças encontravam-se em sobrepeso, 6,6% eram obesas e 30,9% apresentaram obesidade central. CONCLUSÃO: Nem toda criança obesa apresentava obesidade central, demonstrando que uma só medida antropométrica não é eficaz na determinação do padrão de gordura na infância.<br>OBJETIVO: Establecer una correlación entre la circunferencia de la cintura y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en la determinación del exceso de peso y distribución de grasa en niños de escuelas públicas en Fortaleza - CE. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en 12 escuelas de la red pública de la ciudad de Fortaleza- CE. Participaron 727 niños de ambos sexos, con edad que varió de 6 a 11 años. La recolección de datos ocurrió de marzo a junio de 2008. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de la encuesta mostraron que, de acuerdo con el IMC, 11,4% de los niños se encontraban con sobrepeso, 6,6% eran obesos y 30,9% presentaron obesidad central. CONCLUSIÓN: No todos los niños obesos presentaban obesidad central, demostrando que solo una medida antropométrica no es eficaz para determinar el estándar de adiposidad en la infancia.<br>OBJECTIVE: To establish a correlation between waist circumference and Body Mass Index (BMI) and to determine overweight and fat distribution in children from public schools in Fortaleza - CE. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 public schools in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The participants were 727 children of both genders, aged 6-11 years. Data collection occurred from March to June 2008. RESULTS: The survey results showed that, according to BMI, 11.4% of children were overweight, 6.6% were obese and 30.9% had central obesity. CONCLUSION: Not all obese children had central obesity, showing that only one anthropometric measure is not effective in determining the pattern of fat in childhood