29 research outputs found

    Molecular dynamics simulations of non-equilibrium systems

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    Fuzzy logic models and fuzzy control: an introduction

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    Not AvailableeDdk pkoy vkSj xsgwa ds ckn rhljh lcls egRoiw.kZ vukt dh iQly gSA mPpre mit vkSj O;kid vuqdwyu kerk ds dkj.k bl iQly dks ^vukt dh jkuh* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldh ksrh lHkh çdkj dh tyok;q tSls&m".kdfVcaèkh; miks".kdfVcaèkh; vkSj le'khrks".k fLFkfr;ksa esa dh tkrh gSA Hkkjr esa yxHkx 10 fefy;u gSDVj ks=k esa 28-72 fefy;u Vu ds okf"kZd mRiknu ds lkFk eDdk dks ,d çeqk LFkku izkIr gSA vfky Hkkjrh; lefUor eDdk lqèkkj ifj;kstuk ds rgr vk;ksftr ,d vè;;u esa eDdk dh iQly esa yxHkx 60 izdkj ds jksxksa dks nskk x;k gSA buesa ls vfèkdka'k iQiawQn vkSj thok.kq ewy ds gSaA oSf'od Lrj ij eDdk esa yxHkx 9 izfr'kr mit ds uqdlku dk vuqeku fofHkUu jksxksa ds dkj.k yxk;k x;k gSA Hkkjr esa eDdk dh iQly dks bu jksxksa ls 13-2 çfr'kr rd uqdlku gksrk gSANot Availabl

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    Not Availableचारकोल वृन्त सडन रोग दुनिया के शुष्क क्षेत्रों में मक्का की एक व्यापक बीमारी है। यह ज्यादातर तनाव से जुड़ी एक फफूंद बीमारी है, जो कई देशों में प्रचलित है, यह बीमारी कई देशों में आर्थिक नुकसान का कारण बनती है, जैसे भारत, सूडान, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, मैक्सिको, ब्राजील, ऑस्ट्रेलिया, इथोपिया और माली। यह तने के निचले भाग को संक्रमित करता है, और पानी की गति को अवरुद्ध कर सकता है, यह पौधों को शारीरिक रूप से कमजोर करता है। पहला दिखाई देने वाला लक्षण डंठल के निचले भाग पर दिखाई देता है। यह राख मलिनकिरण जैसा दिखता है। जब तने को काटकर देखा जाता है, तो काला पाउडर सवहनी बंडलो और तनो पर दिखाई देता है। यह बीमारी मैक्रोफोमिना फेजोलिना रोगजनक से होती है। यदि संक्रमण द्वितीय जड़ों के उभरने से पहले होता है, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। शुष्क मौसम, उच्च तापमान (35-38 डिग्रीसेल्सियस) और मिट्टी मे नमी की कमी इत्यादि रोग के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कारक हैं। शीघ्र परिपक्वता वाली किस्में आमतौर पर बीमारी से बच जाती हैं। उच्च स्तर की आनुवंशिक प्रतिरोधकता उपलब्ध नहीं है। उपज और पर्यावरणीय तनाव, विशेष रूप से नमी और तापमान के साथ रोग का मजबूत संबंध, मेजबान प्रतिरोध का मूल्यांकन करने का कार्य करता है।Not Availabl

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    Not AvailablePost-Flowering Stalk Rot (PFSR), Curvularia Leaf Spot (CLS) and Cyst Nematode (CN) are major threats of maize in the Central Western Zone of India particularly in Rajasthan. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effective component to manage these threats. A total of six and seven treatments were applied for management of Post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) and Curvularia leaf spot (CLS) diseases including fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals respectively. In case of PFSR, Out of six treatments, bioagent Trichoderma viride in 100 Kg FYM was found most effective with 78.34% disease control followed by, Propiconazole @ 0.1% spray at 40 days (77.89% disease control). In case of CLS, seed treatment with fungicides combination of Carbendazim +Mancozeb @0.25% as well as spray at 45 and 65 DAS @ 0.2% found most effective with 70.0% disease control followed by, Alliete ST @4g/Kg seed and FS at 45 and 60 DAS @ 0.2% (68.0% disease control).To manage the cyst nematode, four biocontrol agent with different concentration were applied as seed treatment. Out of these, bioagent Glomus fasciculatum 4% w/w showed maximum reduction (51.33 %) in females/5g root and Cyst/100cc soil (49.32%) followed by Metarrhizium anisopliae 4% w/w (41.59 % reduction in females/5g root and 41.32 % reduction in Cyst/100cc) . These effective components can be validated and used as effective management strategies of mentioned threats.Not Availabl

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    Not AvailableOwing global climate change, surveillance is essential tool to detect changes in pattern of diseases in the crops. To fulfill this purpose surveys were conducted from 2013-18 in five maize growing zones of India viz., Northern hill Zone (NHZ), Northern West Plain Zone (NWPZ), Northern East Plain Zone (NEPZ), Peninsular Zone (PZ) and Central Western Zone (CWZ). The percent disease index (PDI) of maydis leaf blight (MLB) was moderate (45) to high (65) in 4 zones (NHZ, NWPZ, NEPZ and PZ) while low in CWZ (25). Though the lowest incidence of turcicum leaf blight (TLB) was reported from CWZ in 2013 but it has increased consistently. PDI of TLB was highest (46) in 2016 in NHZ whereas banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) appeared at higher intensity in NHZ and NWPZ. Moderate (42) infection of curvularia leaf spot (CLS) was observed in all the five zones whereas bacterial stalk rot (BSR) was restricted to NHZ and NWPZ with moderate infection (33-47). Post flowering stalk rots (Charcoal and Fusarium stalk rot) appeared at higher intensity in all the 4 zones except NEPZ. PDI of brown spot (BS) ranged from 15-47 in NHZ and CWZ. Sorghum downy mildew (SDM), polysora rust (PR) and wilt were observed with very low infection from PZ while bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and brown stripe downy mildew (BSDM) were observed in NWPZ. This study revealed that there is need to develop effective management toolsfor MLB, TLB, PFSR and BLSB as these are the most prevalent maize diseases in present scenarioNot Availabl
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