Taxonomic position and origin of the endemic Sicilian fir Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei based on allozyme analysis

The final publication is availabe at/O documento está disponível em http://www.tuzvo.sk/files/fg/volumes/2001/FG08-2_119-127.pdfAbies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei (Sicilian fir) is a forest tree species endemic to the mountainous regions of northern Sicily (the Madonie Range) that is currently represented by just one population of 29 individuals. The major questions relating to this species are its unknown origin and its uncertain taxonomic position. According to many authors A. nebrodensis is morphologically intermediate between the neighboring Mediterranean Abies species: Abies alba (Mill.) (silver fir), Abies numidica (De Lann) (Algerian fir) and Abies cephalonica (Loud) (Greek fir). In the present study we analyzed eight enzyme systems in the population of A. nebrodensis and in seven populations from A. alba, A. cephalonica and A. numidica. The aim was to clarify the taxonomic position and origin of A. nebrodensis. High values of expected heterozygosity and number of polymorphic loci were found in A. cephalonica, while A. alba and A. nebrodensis showed intermediate levels of polymorphism and A. numidica was the least variable species. All values were similar to those found in other conifers. The relatively high level of diversity found in A. nebrodensis confirms that despite the extremely small population size, the few individuals left in this species still retain a considerable amount of the original genetic variation at the nuclear level. Results also showed that all the species were differentiated from each other, although A. nebrodensis showed a closer affinity to A. alba and in particular to the population from southern Italy. Our results, together with results from previous studies provide support for the classification of A. nebrodensis as a separate taxon and suggest that this species may have originated through a past hybridization event

Drying of Suspensions in a Fluidized Bed of Inert Particles Under Reduced Pressure

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Digestibilidade aparente de dietas e metabolismo de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo soja integral processada Apparent digestibility of the diets and metabolism of broilers fed with diets containing heat processed full-fat soybean

Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar a digestibilidade aparente de dietas e o metabolismo de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo soja integral (SI) processada a vácuo (SIvac) ou a vapor (SIvap). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (dieta controle - DC; DC com substituição isométrica de 40% de SIvac ou SIvap; dieta com SIvac e dieta com SIvap). Os tratamentos com substituição isométrica avaliaram a digestibilidade das sojas processadas; os demais, a digestibilidade de dietas contendo ou não soja processada (controle). A ingestão de N foi 23 e 20% menor (P<0,01) para as aves alimentadas com dietas com SIvac ou SIvap em relação ao grupo controle. A excreção, digestibilidade e absorção do N não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelas dietas. A excreção de energia foi 19 e 22% menor (P<0,01) para as aves alimentadas com SIvac na dieta em relação ao grupo controle e àquele alimentado com dieta com SIvap. A dieta com SIvac melhorou (P<0,01) a digestibilidade e a metabolização da energia. A energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para retenção de N (EMn) foi 12% superior (P<0,01) à da dieta com SIvap e similar (P<0,01) à da dieta controle. A matéria seca, a proteína e o extrato etéreo digestíveis, as energias metabolizável aparente e EMn foram semelhantes (P>0,05) para a soja integral processada a vácuo ou a vapor. A soja processada a vácuo ou a vapor é uma alternativa ao farelo de soja e ao óleo vegetal em dietas para frangos de corte.<br>An experiment was carried out to evaluate the apparent digestibility of diets and the metabolism of broilers fed diets containing full-fat soybean (FFS) processed by vacuum (FFSvac) or by steam (FFSstm). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (control diet - CD, CD with isometric substitution of 40% FFSvac or FFSstm; diet with FFSvac and diet with FFSstm). The treatments with isometric substitution evaluated the digestibility of processed soybeans; the remains, the digestibility of diets containing either processed soybean or not (control). The N intake was 23 and 20% less (P<0.01) to the broilers fed with diets containing FFSvac or FFSstm than control group. The excretion, digestibility and absorption of N were not influenced (P>0.05) by the diets. The excretion of energy was 19 and 22% less (P<0.01) to the broilers fed with FFSvac in the diet than control group and those fed with FFSstm in the diet. The diet with FFSvac enhanced (P<0.01) the digestibility and the metabolization of energy. The apparent metabolizable energy corrected for N retention (MEn) was 12% higher (P<0.01) to the one fed of diet with FFSstm and similar to control diet (P<0.01). The dry matter, protein and ether extract digestibles, the apparent metabolizable energy and MEn were similar (P>0.05) for full-fat soybean processed by vacuum or by steam. Full-fat soybean processed by vacuum or by steam is an alternative to soybean meal and to the vegetal oil in the diets for broilers