Too busy to change: High job demands reduce the beneficial effects of information and participation on employee support

<u><b><a href="http://rdcu.be/vHtW">Online access to this article has been shared by the author(s) via Springer Nature SharedIt.</a></b></u>\ud \ud <b>Purpose</b>\ud \ud Despite the abundant literature on organizational change management, the success of change initiatives in organizations remains low. In this study, we investigate employee support for change in the context of two change management practices (information and participation). We use the <i>Theory of Planned Behavior</i> (TPB) to examine why these change management practices foster employee support, and the extent to which the efficacy of these practices depends on current job demands.\ud \ud <b>Design/Methodology/Approach</b>\ud \ud Participants were 106 employees undergoing a building relocation at their place of employment who responded to an initial questionnaire at Time 1 (pre-occupancy) and a follow-up questionnaire two months later (post-occupancy). \ud \ud <b>Findings</b>\ud \ud We found that the TPB variables mediated the effects of information and participation on employee support (both intentions at Time 1 and self-reported behaviors at Time 2). The indirect relationships from information and participation to employee support were significant at low and medium, but not at high, levels of job demands.\ud \ud <b>Implications</b>\ud \ud The positive effects of information and participation on employee support can be largely attributed to employee attitudes and subjective norms. Thus, consultants should target employee attitudes and norms when garnering employee support, but also be aware of the limitations of these practices when employees are preoccupied with their work.\ud \ud <b>Originality/Value</b>\ud \ud This study demonstrates that the TPB can account for the beneficial effects of change management practices on employee support. It also reports the novel finding that change management practices are less effective at high levels of job demands

An altered intestinal mucosal microbiome in HIV-1 infection is associated with mucosal and systemic immune activation and endotoxemia

HIV-1 infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated the impact of HIV-1 infection on the intestinal microbiome and its association with mucosal T cell and dendritic cell (DC) frequency and activation, as well as with levels of systemic T cell activation, inflammation and microbial translocation. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed on colon biopsies and fecal samples from subjects with chronic, untreated HIV-1 infection and uninfected control subjects. Colon biopsies of HIV-1 infected subjects had increased abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased abundances of Firmicutes compared to uninfected donors. Furthermore at the genus level, a significant increase in Prevotella and decrease in Bacteroides was observed in HIV-1 infected subjects, indicating a disruption in the Bacteroidetes bacterial community structure. This HIV-1-associated increase in Prevotella abundance was associated with increased numbers of activated colonic T cells and myeloid DCs. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated an HIV-1-related change in the microbiome that was associated with increased mucosal cellular immune activation, microbial translocation and blood T cell activation. These observations suggest that an important relationship exists between altered mucosal bacterial communities and intestinal inflammation during chronic HIV-1 infection

Financial Socialization of First-year College Students: The Roles of Parents, Work, and Education

This cross-sectional study tests a conceptual financial socialization process model, specifying four-levels that connect anticipatory socialization during adolescence to young adults\u27 current financial learning, to their financial attitudes, and to their financial behavior. A total of 2,098 first-year college students (61.9% females) participated in the survey, representing a diverse ethnic group (32.6% minority participation: Hispanic 14.9%, Asian/Asian American 9%, Black 3.4%, Native American 1.8% and other 3.5%). Structural equation modeling indicated that parents, work, and high school financial education during adolescence predicted young adults\u27 current financial learning, attitude and behavior, with the role played by parents substantially greater than the role played by work experience and high school financial education combined. Data also supported the proposed hierarchical financial socialization four-level model, indicating that early financial socialization is related to financial learning, which in turn is related to financial attitudes and subsequently to financial behavior. The study presents a discussion of how the theories of consumer socialization and planned behavior were combined effectively to depict the financial development of young adults. Several practical implications are also provided for parents, educators and students. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC