Identificação dos citoplasmas "S", "T" e "N" via PCR em populações de cebola no Vale do São Francisco Identification of "S", "T" and "N" cytoplasm via PCR in onion populations in the Sao Francisco river Valley, Brazil

A identificação do tipo de citoplasma em cebola foi facilitada com a publicação de primers de DNA específicos para os tipos "S", "T" e "N". O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar, por meio de marcadores moleculares, o tipo de citoplasma presente na cultivar de cebola BRS São Francisco e numa população experimental em desenvolvimento na Embrapa Semi-Árido, de forma a orientar o desenvolvimento de híbridos de cebola adaptados à região. Na amostra de 19 plantas da 'BRS Alfa São Francisco' observou-se a amplificação de fragmentos de 180 pb, ausência do fragmento de 414 pb com os primers 5'cob e a amplificação do fragmento de 473 pb dos primers OrfA501, indicando que o citoplasma presente nesta população é o citoplasma T. Foi também identificada a presença de citoplasma N na população BRS Alfa São Francisco. Na amostra de 44 plantas da população experimental cascuda-bronzeada observou-se a amplificação de produtos consistentes com os fragmentos de 180 e 414 pb dos primers 5'cob, bem como a amplificação de fragmento de 473 pb dos primers OrfA501, indicando que o citoplasma presente na população é o citoplasma S. Não foi identificada a presença de citoplasma N na população cascuda-bronzeada. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de híbrido tropical, tendo como base a cultivar BRS Alfa São Francisco, enquanto que, na população cascuda-bronzeada será necessário a introgressão do citoplasma "N" para o desenvolvimento de linhagens mantenedoras.<br>The identification of the onion cytoplasm was obtained by the development of DNA specific primers to "S", "T" and "N" types. The goal of this work was the identification of the cytoplasm type in two different onion populations in the São Francisco river Valley, in order to facilitate the development of onion hybrids from Northeast Brazil. In the sample of 19 plants of the BRS Alfa São Francisco cultivar was observed the amplification of fragments of 180 bp and absence of the fragment of 414 bp of the 5'cob primers and the presence of fragment of 473 bp of the orfA501 primers, indicating that the cytoplasm of the population is the "T". Plants with cytoplasm N were also identified in the BRS Alfa São Francisco population. The amplification of consistent fragments with the 180 and 414 bp of 5'cob primers was observed in the sample of 44 plants of a Valenciana type population and, the presence of a fragment of 473 bp of orfA501 primers, indicating that the cytoplasm of the population is the "S". No plant with cytoplasm N was identified in the Valenciana population. The development of a tropical onion hybrid is possible, based on the BRS Alfa São Francisco cultivar, while in the Valenciana type, the introgression of N cytoplasm will be necessary

Erratum to: Multifractional theories: an unconventional review

We answer to 72 frequently asked questions about theories of multifractional spacetimes. Apart from reviewing and reorganizing what we already know about such theories, we discuss the physical meaning and consequences of the very recent flow-equation theorem on dimensional flow in quantum gravity, in particular its enormous impact on the multifractional paradigm. We will also get some new theoretical results about the construction of multifractional derivatives and the symmetries in the yet-unexplored theory $T_\gamma$, the resolution of ambiguities in the calculation of the spectral dimension, the relation between the theory $T_q$ with $q$-derivatives and the theory $T_\gamma$ with fractional derivatives, the interpretation of complex dimensions in quantum gravity, the frame choice at the quantum level, the physical interpretation of the propagator in $T_\gamma$ as an infinite superposition of quasiparticle modes, the relation between multifractional theories and quantum gravity, and the issue of renormalization, arguing that power-counting arguments do not capture the exotic properties of extreme UV regimes of multifractional geometry, where $T_\gamma$ may indeed be renormalizable. A careful discussion of experimental bounds and new constraints are also presented.Comment: 1+106 pages, 3 figures, 9 tables, 245 references. Review article (with several important novelties) through 72 questions; in some of them, there is text overlap with papers by the author, all indicated in the text. v2: references added, minor typos corrected, answers to questions 01, 59 and 68 expanded. v3: minor typos correcte