Oxidative stress, redox state and antioxidant supplementation in physical exercise and professional sports: A brief review

Oxidative stress is a process involved in many physiological and pathological situations. In recent years, many studies have only focused on the role of oxidative stress in physical exercise and professional sport, paying attention to how the redox state is differently balanced according to the type of sport and to the duration of the training. In fact, many studies have correlated high levels of oxidative stress with increased muscle injuries and early atherosclerosis in athletes. Alongside the study of pathophysiological processes linked to the oxidative stress in physical exercise, great interest has been aroused by antioxidant supplementation in athletes to increase the performance and reduce the risk of injury. Several studies have shown that different antioxidant molecules have different effects on athletes, depending on the sport and intensity of training. This review analyzes the role of oxidative stress in physical exercise and tries to characterize how antioxidants can be useful or harmful in athlete

Quali-quantitative evaluation of ileal peyer\u2019s patches innervation in scrapie-free or scrapie-affected sarda breed ovines.

http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pd

Ileal tract and Peyer's patch innervation in scrapie-free versus scrapie-affected ovines

Ileal Peyer's patches (PPs) are involved early during sheep scrapie infection. This study qualitatively and semi-quantitatively evaluated ileal tract and PP innervation in 29 Sarda ovines of different age, PrP genotype and scrapie status. A prominent network of fibres was detected within PPs, mainly located in interfollicular lymphoid and stromal components. Intrafollicular fibres were rarely observed, with no apparent differences between scrapie-free and scrapie-affected animals, or among ovines carrying different PrP genotypes. In adult sheep, independent of their scrapie status, nerve fibres could be detected infrequently, close to the follicle-associated epithelium. Fibres were also detected within newly formed follicles and intrafollicular microgranulomas

Influence of physical activity and lifestyle on nutritional status and cardiovascular prevention of countryside school adolescents in Italy

BACKGROUND: Assess nutritional status and cardiovascular prevention of adolescents and their parents, besides the influence of physical activity and eating habits, in countryside. METHODS: Nutritional status was evaluated measuring weight, height, BMI, blood pressure, waist-hip circumference and body fat by skinfolds. Eating habits were evaluated by food frequency questionnaire to form two clusters, one closer to Mediterranean diet and the other to Western diet. Questionnaires have also been used to evaluate physical activity and family environment. RESULTS: No differences were found in anthropometric and body composition data between clusters, but an association was observed between adolescents BMI and family environment. Non-curricular physical activity was able to prevent gain of weight. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the negative effect of obesogenic elements and to promote the non-curricular and curricular physical activity in countryside healthy policies measures are needed