Epidemiological Aspects Of Enteroparasitosis At Daycare Centers In The City Of Botucatu, State Of São Paulo, Brazil

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of intestinal parasites in children and staff members of 5 municipal daycare centers in Botucatu/SP. Two cross-sectional studies were carried out in 2002 (N=379) and 2003 (N=397) and a longitudinal observational experiment in which the children from 2002 and 2003 were evaluated for a year. Questionnaires were given to staff members and parents of the children, where the following variables were recorded: socioeconomic status, sanitary habits, home, age, gender and presence of domestic animals. Coproparasitologic tests were carried out in child daycare centers. The enteroparasite prevalence was 76.74% in 2002 and 34% in 2003. The variables associated with presence of enteroparasites in the investigation carried out in 2002 were: location of daycare centers (OR=0.27 CI=0.15-0.47); family salary (OR=4.38 CI=1.91-10.04); gender (OR=0.52 CI=0.32-0.85); child's age group (OR=2.08 CI=1.06-4.08), and presence of pets at home (OR=1.85 CI=1.10-3.11); in 2003, the variables were: daycare centers located in peripheral region (OR=0.49 CI=0.31-0.78), family salary (OR=3.69 CI=2.19-6.24); mother's education (OR=6.19 CI=1.81-21.21); gender (OR=0.58 CI=0.36-0.93), and presence of pets (OR=1.68 CI=1.01-2.79). The cohort had 253 children with an incidence of 23.22%. Data from this study high-lighted situations of risk in specific populations (daycare centers), which could be useful for other childcare institutions.93297308Waldman EA, Silva LJ, Monteiro CA. A Trajetória Das Doenças Infecciosas. In: Monteiro, C.A. Velhos e Novos males da Saúde no Brasil. 2a edição aumentada. 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Prevalência de infeccção entre escolares residentes no bairro de Taboão, em junho de 1984. 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Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Available from URL:, Accessed 10 OctoberMascarini LM, Yoshida ELA. Prevalência de parasitas intestinais, com ênfase em Cryptosporidium sp., em creche municipal de Botucatu/SP. In: XVI CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA1999. Poços de Caldas. Minas Gerais176Andrade JB, Mascarini LM. Prevalência de enteroparasitas e padrão nutricional em crianças de creches municipais de Botucatu/SP. J Bras Patologia 200137(4S): 509(2002) SAS/STAT User's guide, release 8.02, , SAS Institute, Cary: SAS Institute;Fuchs, S.C., Maynart, R.C., Costa, L.F., Cadozo, A., Schierholt, R., Duration of day-care attendance and acute respiratory infection (1996) Cad Saude Publica, 12, pp. 291-296Barros, A.J., Ross, D.A., Fonseca, W.V., Williams, L.A., Moreira-Filho, D.C., Preventing acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea in child care centers (1999) Acta Pediatr, 88, pp. 1113-1118Moretti, I.G., Chieffi, P.P., Nakagawa, E., Gomes, A.C., Foizer, A.C.M., Contribuição ao estudo da história natural de enteroparasitoses em uma comunidade fechada (1974) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 8, pp. 41-44Pinheiro, M.F.S., Marzochi, M.C.A., Giuliano, R., Giuliano, L.G., Enteroparasitoses em uma comunidade fechada. I. Estudo do solo como elo de transmissão em um orfanato de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil (1976) Acta Amaz, 7, pp. 503-506Song, H., Cho, C., Kim, J., Choi, M., Hong, S., Prevalence and risk factors for enterobiasis among preschool children in a metropolitan city in Korea (2003) Parasitol Res, 91, pp. 46-50Mascarini, L.M., Yoshida, E.L.A., Prevalência de enteroparasitas em creches da prefeitura municipal de Botucatu-SP, com ênfase em Cryptosporidium sp (2000) J Bras Patologia, 137 (4). , S, 510Santos, M.A.Q., Paçô, J.M., Isac, E., Alves, E.L., Vieira, M.A., Prevalência estimada de parasitas intestinais em escolares de creches e estabelecimentos de ensino em Goiânia- Goiás (1990) Rev Pat Trop, 19, pp. 35-42Cardoso GS, Santana ADC, Aguiar CP. Prevalência e aspectos epidemiológicos da giardíase em creches do município de Aracaju, SE, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 199528(1): 25-31Giraldi N, Vidotto O, Navarro IT, Garcia JL. Enteroparasites prevalence among day care and elementary school children of municipal schools, Rolandia, PR, Brazil. 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VII- Parasitoses intestinais (1988) Rev Saude Publica, 22 (1), pp. 8-15Costa-Macedo, L.M., Rey, L., Frequency and precocity of human intestinal parasitism in a group of infants from Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (1997) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 39 (5), pp. 305-306Costa-Macedo, L.M., Costa, M.C.E., Almeida, L.M., Parasitismo por Ascaris lumbricoides em crianças menores de dois anos: Estudo populacional em comunidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1999) Cad Saude Publica, 15 (1), pp. 173-178Vinha, C., Distribuição geográfica da ancilostomose no Brasil (1968) Rev Bras Malar, 20, pp. 289-318Neira, P., Munoz, N., Carabelli, M., Enteroparasitosis en la V Region, Chile. 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II-Estudo da contaminação de verduras e solo de hortas na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP., Brasil (1977) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 19 (3), pp. 148-155Mesquita, V.C.L., Serra, C.M.B., Bastos, O.M.P., Uchoa, C.M.A., Contaminacao por enteroparasitas em hortaliças comercializadas nas cidades de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (1999) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 32 (4), pp. 363-366Coelho, L.M., Oliveira, S.M., Milman, M.H., Karasawa, K.A., Santos, R., Detecção de formas transmissíveis de enteroparasitas na água e nas hortaliças consumidas em comunidades escolares de Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil (2001) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 34 (5), pp. 479-482Franco, R.M.B., Rocha-Eberhardt, R., Cantusio-Neto, R., Occurence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw water from the Atibaia river, Campinas, Brasil (1973) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 43 (2), pp. 109-111Gonçalves, A., Andrade, J.C.R., Giribola, L., Oliveira, M.C., Levantamento das parasitoses intestinais e condições sócio- econômicas e sanitárias em um bairro de Botucatu-SP (1973) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 7, pp. 25-27Arai, H., Fukada, Y., Hara, T., Funakoshi, Y., Kaneko, S., Yoshida, T., Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among domestic cats in the Tokyo metropolitan district. 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Survival Of Aids Patients In The Southeast And South Of Brazil: Analysis Of The 1998-1999 Cohort [sobrevida De Pacientes Com Aids Das Regiões Sudeste E Sul Do Brasil: Análise Da Coorte De 1998-1999]

The aim of this study was to evaluate survival time for AIDS patients 13 years and older in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, according to socio-demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics. The sample was selected from all cases diagnosed in 1998 and 1999 and notified to the Epidemiological Surveillance System of the National STD/AIDS Program. Use of a questionnaire allowed analyzing 2,091 patient charts. Based on the Kaplan-Meier method, estimated survival was at least 108 months after diagnosis in 59.5% of patients in the Southeast and 59.3% in the South. Cox regression models showed, in both regions, an increase in survival in patients on antiretroviral therapy, those classified as AIDS cases according to the CD4 T-cell criterion, females, and those with more schooling. Other factors associated with longer survival in the Southeast were: white skin color, no history of tuberculosis since the AIDS diagnosis, negative hepatitis B serology, and access to a multidisciplinary health team. In the South, age below 40 years was associated with longer survival.27SUPPL. 1S79S92Fonseca, M.G.P., Bastos, F.I., Twenty-five years of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil: Principal epidemiological findings, 1980-2005 (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, (23 SUPPL 3), pp. S333-S344Boletim Epidemiológico AIDST 2008, 1. , Ministério da Saúde, Ano(2004) Critérios De Definição De Casos De AIDS Em Adultos E Crianças, , Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeDourado, I., Veras, M.A.S.M., Barreira, D., Brito, A.M., Tendências da epidemia de AIDS no Brasil após a terapia antirretroviral (2006) Rev Saúde Pública, (SUPPL 40), pp. 9-17Casseb, J., Fonseca, L.A., Veiga, A.P., Almeida, A., Bueno, A., Ferez, A.C., AIDS incidence and mortality in a hospital based cohort of HIV-1 seropositive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo, Brazil (2003) AIDS Patient Care STDS, 17, pp. 447-452Crum, N.F., Riffemburg, R.H., Wegner, S., Agan, B.K., Tasker, S.A., Spooner, K.M., Comparison of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV infected persons: Analysis of the pre, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 41, pp. 194-200Santos, N.J.S., Tayra, A., Silva, S.R., Buchala, C.M., Laurenti, R., A AIDS no estado de São Paulo: As mudanças no perfil da epidemia e perspectivas da vigilância epidemiológica (2002) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 5, pp. 286-310Messeri, P., Lee, G., Abramson, D.M., Aidala, A., Chiasson, M.A., Jessop, D.J., Antiretroviral therapy and declining AIDS mortality in New York City (2003) Med Care, 41, pp. 512-521Vellozi, C., Brooks, J.T., Bush, T.J., Conley, L.J., Henry, K., Carperter, C.C.J., The study to understand the natural history of HIV and AIDS in the era of effective therapy (SUN Study) (2009) Am J Epidemiol, 169, pp. 642-652Quinn, T.C., HIV epidemiology and the effects of antiviral therapy on long term consequences (2008) AIDS, (22 SUPPL 3), pp. S7-S12Targets and Commitments Made By the Member-States At the United Nation General Assembly Special Session On HIV/AIDS, , http//www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/monitoringcountryprogress/2010progr essreportssubmittedbycountries/brazil_2010_country_progress_report_en.pd f, Brazilian Ministry of Health, accessed on Jul/2010Chequer, P., Hearst, N., Hudes, E.S., Castilho, E., Rutherford, G., Loures, L., Determinants of survival in adult Brazilian AIDS patients, 1982-1989.The Brazilian State AIDS Program Co-ordinators (1992) AIDS, 6, pp. 483-487Marins, J.R., Jamal, L.E., Chen, S.Y., Barros, M.B., Hudes, E.S., Barbosa, A.A., Dramatic improvement in survival among adult Brazilian AIDS patients (2003) AIDS, 17, pp. 1675-1682Collet, D., (2003) Modeling Survival Data In Medical Research, , 2nd Ed. Boca Raton: Chapman & HallEpidemiology of HIV/AIDS, United States, 1981-2005 (2006) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 55, pp. 589-592. , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWong, K.H., Chan, K.C., Lee, S.S., Delayed progression to death and to AIDS in a Hong Kong cohort of patients with advanced HIV type 1 disease during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (2004) Clin Infect Dis, 39, pp. 853-860Gadelha, A.J., Accacio, N., Costa, R.L.B., Galhardo, M.C., Cotrim, M.R., Souza, R.V., Morbidity and survival in advanced AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002) Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 44, pp. 179-186Hacker, M.A., Petersen, M.L., Enriquez, M., Bastos, F.I., Highly active antiretroviral therapy in Brazil: The challenge of universal access in a context of social inequality (2004) Rev Panam Salud Pública, 16, pp. 78-83Krishnan, S., Dunbar, M.S., Minnis, A.M., Medlin, C.A., Gerdts, C.E., Padian, N.S., Poverty, gender inequalities and women's risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS (2008) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1136, pp. 101-110Antunes, J.L.F., Waldman, E.A., Borrel, C., Is it possible to reduce AIDS death without reinforcing socioeconomic inequalities in health? (2005) Int J Epidemiol, 34, pp. 586-592Castilho, E.A., Szwarcwald, C.L., Brito, A.M., Fatores associados à interrupção de tratamento anti-retroviral em adultos com AIDS, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, 1999-2002 (2006) Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992), 52, pp. 86-92Neme, M.I.B., Carvalho, H.B., Souza, M.F.M., ARV therapy adherence in Brazil (2004) AIDS, (18 SUPPL 3), pp. 515-520Pérez-Hoyos, S., Amo, J., Muga, R., Romero, J., Olalla, P.G., Guerrero, R., Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Spanish cohorts of HIV seroconverters: Differences by transmission category (2003) AIDS, 17, pp. 353-359Porta, D., Forastiere, F., Fusco, D., Perucci, C.A., Lazio AIDS Surveillance Collaborative Group. Socioeconomic status and survival of persons with AIDS before and after introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 496-501. , Rapiti EPrograma Nacional DST E AIDS, , http://www.aids.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?tabnet/aids.def, Ministério da Saúde, accessed on 26/Aug/2009Giovanetti, M.C., Santos, N.J.S., Westin, C.P., Darré, D., Gianna, M.C., A implantação do quesito cor/raça nos serviços de DST/AIDS no Estado de São Paulo (2007) Saúde Soc, 16, pp. 163-170Fry, P.H., Monteiro, S., Maio, M.C., Bastos, F.I., Santos, R.V., AIDS tem cor ou raça? Interpretação de dados e formulação de políticas de saúde no Brasil (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 497-523Batista, L.E., (2002) Mulheres E Homens Negros: Saúde, Doença E Morte [Doctoral Dissertation], , Araraquara: Fa-culdade de Ciências e Letras, Universidade Estadual PaulistaFonseca, M.G.P., Lucena, F.F.A., Souza, A., Bastos, F.I., AIDS mortality, "race or color", and social inequality in a context of universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Brazil, 1999- 2004 (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, (23 SUPPL 3), pp. S445-S455Marins, J.R.P., (2004) Estudo De Sobrevida Dos Pacientes De AIDS Segundo Escolaridade, Co-infecção Hepatite C E Tuberculose. Coorte Brasileira 1995-1996 [Doctoral Dissertation], , Campinas: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de CampinasFerreira, M.S., Borges, A.S., Avanços no tratamento da hepatite pelo vírus B (2007) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 40, pp. 451-462Mussini, C., Manzardo, C., Johnson, M., Monforte, A., Uberti-Foppa, C., Antinori, A., Patients presenting with AIDS in the HAART era: A collaborative cohort analysis (2008) AIDS, 22, pp. 2461-2469Nemes, M.I.B., Alencar, T.M.D., (2008) Equipe Qualiaids. Avaliação Da Assistência Ambulatorial Aos Adultos Vivendo Com HIV/AIDS, , Qualiaids. Relatório 2007/2008. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeMelchior, R., Nemes, M.I.B., Basso, C.R.B., Castanheira, E.R.L., Alves, M.T.S.B., Buchalla, C.M., Avaliação da estrutura organizacional assistência ambulatorial em HIV/AIDS no Brasil (2006) Rev Saúde Pública, 40, pp. 143-15

Survival of patients with AIDS and association with level of education level and race/skin color in South and Southeast Brazil: a cohort study, 1998-1999

Analisar a sobrevida de pessoas com aids e sua associação com escolaridade e raça/cor da pele. Coorte de diagnosticados entre 1998 e 1999, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, com análise de sobrevida (método de Kaplan--Meier), estratificada por escolaridade e raça/cor da pele; a análise multivariada foi realizada mediante regressão de Cox. Foram incluídas 2.091 pessoas com sobrevida em 60 meses, a percentuais de 65% entre brancos e 62% entre pretos/pardos; o uso irregular de antirretrovirais (HR=11,2 - IC95%8,8;14,2) e a idade ≥60 anos (HR=2,5 - IC95%1,4;4,4) foram relacionados com menor sobrevida; escolaridade >8 anos (HR=0,4 - IC95%0,3;0,6) e sexo feminino (HR=0,6 - IC95%0,5;0,8) relacionaram-se positivamente com sobrevida; os menos escolarizados tiveram sobrevida menor. Menor escolaridade sobrepôs-se às diferenças de raça/cor da pele, quando relacionada à sobrevida; tais desigualdades explicaram as diferenças observadas, mesmo com políticas de acesso universal aos antirretrovirais. Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Sobrevivência (Saúde Pública); Análise de Sobrevida; Escolaridade; Origem Étnica e Saúde281To analyze the survival of people with AIDS and association with schooling and race/skin color. METHODS: this was a retrospective cohort study of people diagnosed with AIDS between 1998 and 1999, in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. We used survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), stratified by schooling and race/skin color and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression. RESULTS: the study included 2,091 people who had survived at 60 months, with 65% survival among White participants and 62% among Black/brown participants. Irregular use of antiretroviral (HR=11.2 - 95%CI8.8;14.2), and age ≥60 years (HR=2.5 - 95%CI1.4;4.4) were related to lower survival; schooling >8 years (HR=0.4 - 95%CI0.3;0.6) and being female (HR=0.6 - 95%CI0.5;0.8) were positively related to survival; those with less schooling had lower survival. CONCLUSION: lower schooling levels overlap race/skin color differences in relation to survival; these inequalities explain the differences found, despite the policies on universal access to antiretroviral.OBJETIVO: analisar a sobrevida de pessoas com aids e sua associação com escolaridade e raça/cor da pele. MÉTODOS: coorte de diagnosticados entre 1998 e 1999, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, com análise de sobrevida (método de Kaplan--Meier), estratificada por escolaridade e raça/cor da pele; a análise multivariada foi realizada mediante regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: foram incluídas 2.091 pessoas com sobrevida em 60 meses, a percentuais de 65% entre brancos e 62% entre pretos/pardos; o uso irregular de antirretrovirais (HR=11,2 - IC95%8,8;14,2) e a idade ≥60 anos (HR=2,5 - IC95%1,4;4,4) foram relacionados com menor sobrevida; escolaridade >8 anos (HR=0,4 - IC95%0,3;0,6) e sexo feminino (HR=0,6 - IC95%0,5;0,8) relacionaram-se positivamente com sobrevida; os menos escolarizados tiveram sobrevida menor. CONCLUSÃO: menor escolaridade sobrepôs-se às diferenças de raça/cor da pele, quando relacionada à sobrevida; tais desigualdades explicaram as diferenças observadas, mesmo com políticas de acesso universal aos antirretrovirais.OBJETIVO: analizar la sobrevida de personas con sida y su asociación con escolaridad y raza/color de la piel. MÉTODOS: cohorte de diagnosticados entre 1998 y 1999, en las regiones Sur y Sudeste de Brasil, con análisis de supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier), estratificados por educación y raza/color de la piel; el análisis multivariante se realizó con regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS: fueron incluidas 2.091 personas con sobrevida de 60 meses, a porcentuales de 65% entre blancos y 62% entre negros/pardos; el uso irregular de antirretrovirales (HR=11,2 - IC95%8,8;14,2) y la edad ≥60 años (HR=2,5 - IC95%1,4;4,4) se relacionaron con una menor sobrevida; escolaridad >8 años (HR=0,4 - IC95%0,3;0,6) y sexo femenino (HR=0,6 - IC95%0,5;0,8) se relacionaron positivamente con sobrevida; los menos escolarizados tuvieron sobrevida menor. CONCLUSIÓN: menor escolaridad se superpuso a las diferencias de raza/color de la piel referida, cuando relacionada a la supervivencia; tales desigualdades explicaron las diferencias observadas, aún con políticas de acceso universal a antirretrovirales

Incidência E Mortalidade Por Aids Em Crianças E Adolescentes: Desafios Na Região Sul Do Brasil

The objective of this study is to describe the time trend of coefficients of incidence and mortality associated with AIDS in children and adolescents. An ecological time trend study was conducted among individuals under 14 living in the regional context of high incidence of AIDS – Porto Alegre and the State of Rio Grande do Sul – from 1996 to 2012. For this purpose, a segmented regression model was adjusted for age categories and place of residence. AIDS morbidity and mortality indicators in Porto Alegre are still higher than those registered in the State, the southern region and other areas of the country. In Porto Alegre, 59.1% of cases (371/628) occurred in children under four years of age, the incidence showed peaks in the period and the mortality dropped from 9 to 2 per 100,000. A significant decreasing in annual percentage change in mortality was observed especially in children under 1 year of age in Porto Alegre. This drop may be related to prevention and treatment of pregnant women. The challenge is to identify possible fragilities of the STD/AIDS Program and its vulnerable points in order to make specific interventions and investments with a greater impact potential. © 2016, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.21123889389

Leptospirosis in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil : 2007-2014

Analisar a distribuição de casos e óbitos humanos por leptospirose, segundo características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas, clínicas, tempo de atendimento, pluviosidade e distribuição espacial em Campinas, São Paulo, no período de 2007 a 2014. Estudo ecológico utilizando informações dos casos confirmados de leptospirose. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos casos, segundo variáveis selecionadas. A relação entre casos autóctones e pluviosidade foi verificada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Georreferenciaram-se casos/óbitos por áreas classificadas segundo indicadores socioambientais. Dos 264 casos, 76,1% eram homens e 58,4% tinham entre 20 e 49 anos. Cerca de 55% foram hospitalizados. Prevaleceu o diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial (89,4%) e a letalidade foi de 10,6%. Na área urbana, ocorreram 74,2% dos casos e, 48,9%, no domicílio. O principal fator de risco foi o local com sinal de roedores. Houve forte correlação entre a incidência de casos e a pluviosidade (p < 0,05) nos anos de 2010 a 2012. Observou-se maior concentração de casos na região centro-sudoeste. A distribuição espacial dos casos/óbitos mostrou aglomerados em regiões classificadas como de menor nível socioeconômico. Os padrões de ocorrência de leptospirose em Campinas, São Paulo, mostraram similaridade com outras cidades brasileiras. A identificação de áreas com maior incidência de casos/óbitos contribui para a adoção de estratégias específicas de intervenção e priorização de recursos na redução do risco de infecção e tratamento precoce dos acometidos pela doença22To analyze the distribution of leptospirosis according to sociodemographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics, assistance time, rainfall and spatial distribution in Campinas/SP in the period from 2007 to 2014. This is an ecological study using information from the confirmed cases. A descriptive analysis was carried out according to the selected variables. The relationship between the cases and rainfall was verified through the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The cases/deaths were georeferenced per areas classified according to socioenvironmental deprivation indexes in Campinas. From the 264 cases, 76.1% occurred in men, 58,4% in the 20 to 49 years old age range. Approximately 55% were hospitalized, with a prevalence of clinical-laboratorial diagnoses of 89.4%, and the lethality was 10.6%. The urban area concentrated 74.2% of the cases, and 48,9% occurred in the household environment. The main risk factor was evidence of the presence of rodents at the site. There was strong correlation between the incidence of cases and rainfall (p < 0.05) in 2010 to 2012. A higher concentration of the cases was observed in the Center-Southwest region. Spatial distribution of cases/deaths showed clusters in regions classified at lower socioeconomic levels. The patterns of occurrence of leptospirosis in Campinas showed similarity with other Brazilian municipalities. The identification of areas with higher incidence of cases/deaths contributes to the adoption of strategies for intervention and prioritization of resources aiming at the reduction of the risk of infection and at early treatment for those affecte

Life Satisfaction Among Elderly Population In The City Of Botucatu, Southern Brazil [condições Associadas Ao Grau De Satisfação Com A Vida Entre A População De Idosos]

Objective: As a result of overall growing population's life expectancy, it has become increasingly important to ensure not only that the elderly have greater longevity but also happiness and life satisfaction. The objective of the study was to describe factors associated with life satisfaction among elderly people. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-five older persons, selected by means of random stratified proportional sampling, were interviewed in 2003. The instrument used was a combination of Flanagan and Nahas questionnaires and WHOQOL-100. There were added questions concerning physical activity extracted from International Physical Activity Questionnaire, questions regarding reported morbidity and emotional assessment, sociodemographic condition and an open question. The level of life satisfaction was measured using a scale from one to seven by means of visual recognition. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed including "life satisfaction" as a dependent variable and those included the final questionnaire, in blocks, as independent variables. Results: Most elderly were generally rather satisfied with life as well as with specific aspects. The level of life satisfaction was associated with: comfort at home (OR=11.82; 95% CI: 3.27; 42.63); appraising leisure as quality of life (OR=3.82; 95% CI: 2.28; 6.39); waking up feeling well in the morning (OR=2.80; 95% CI: 1.47; 5.36); not reporting loneliness (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.54; 4.65); having three or more daily meals (OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.75; 5.90) and not reporting Diabetes Mellitus (OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.31; 5.27). Conclusions: Most elderly in the study were satisfied with life and their satisfaction was associated with situations related to "being well" and not being diabetic. © 2007 Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de Sao Paulo.411131138Albuquerque, A.S., Tróccoli, B.T., Desenvolvimento de uma escala de bem-estar subjetivo (2004) Psicol Teoria Pes, 20, pp. 153-164Bercovich, A.M., Características regionais da populaçāo idosa no Brasil (1993) Rev Bras Estud Popul, 10, pp. 125-144Bowling, A., Brazier, J., Quality of life in social science and medicine (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 1337-1338Chaimowicz, F., A saúde dos idosos brasileiros às vşperas do século XXI: Problemas, projeçēs e alternativas (1997) Rev Saúde Pública, 31, pp. 184-200Cordeiro, R., Sakate, M., Clemente, A.P.G., Diniz, C.S., Donalisio, M.R., Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho nāo fatais em Botucatu, SP, 2002 (2005) Rev Saúde Pública, 39, pp. 254-260Costa, M.E.L., Uchoa, E., Guerra, H.L., Firmo, J.O.A., Vidigal, P.G., Barreto, S.M., The Bambuf health and ageing study (BHAS): Methodological approach and preliminary results of a population-based cohort study of the elderly in Brazil (2000) Rev Saúde Pública, 34, pp. 126-135Costa, M.F.L., Barreto, S.M., Giatti, L., Condiçōes de saúde, capacidade funcional, uso de serviços de saúde e gastos com medicamentos da populaçāo idosa brasileira: Um estudo descritivo baseado na pesquisa nacional por amostra de domicílios (2003) Cad Saúde Pública, 19, pp. 735-743Diogo, M.J.D., Satisfação global com a vida e determinados domínios entre idosos com amputação de membros inferiores (2001) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 13, pp. 395-399Ferrans, C.E., Power, M.J., Psichometric assessment of quality of life index (1992) Rev Nurse Health, 15, pp. 29-38Ferraz, A.F., Peixoto, M.R.B., Qualidade de vida na velhice: Estudo em uma instituiçǎo pública de recreação para idosos (1997) Rev Esc Enferm USP, 31, pp. 316-338Flanagan, J.C., Changes in school levels of achievement: Project TALENT ten and fifteen year retests (1976) Educ Res, 5 (8), pp. 9-12Fleck, M.P.A., Lousada, S., Xavier, M., Chachamovich, E., Vieira, G., Santos, L., Aplicação da versão em português do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organizaçǎo Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL - 100) (1999) Rev Saúde Pública, 33, pp. 198-205Hickson, M., Frost, G., A investigation into the relationships between quality of life, nutritional status and physical function (2003), http://www.elsevier.com/locate/clnu, In press. Clinical Nutrition [serial online], Avaiable from [acesso em 13 mar 2004]Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., Matzudo, V., Andrade, D., Andrade, E., Oliveira, L.C., Braggion, IPAQ: Estudo de validação e reprodutibilidade no Brasil (2001) Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde, 6 (2), pp. 5-18Nahas, M.V., Barros, M.V.G., Francalacci, V., O pentáculo do bem estar: Base conceitual para avaliação do estilo de vida de indivíduos ou grupo (2000) Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde, 5 (2), pp. 48-59Najman, J.M., Levine, S., Elavuating the impact of medical care and technologies on the quality of life: A review and critique (1981) Soc Sci Med, 15, pp. 107-115Paschoal, S.M.P., Autonomia e independência (1996) Gerontologia, pp. 313-323. , In: Papaléo Neto M, editor. São Paulo: AtheneoQueiroz, J.B., Trinca, S.F., A influência do lazer sobre pessoas da terceira idade (1983) Rev Bras Enferm RS, 36, pp. 95-106Ryff, C.D., In the eye of the beholder: Views of psychological well-being among middle aged and older adults (1989) Psychol Aging, 4, pp. 195-210Santos, S.R., Santos, I.B.C., Fernandes, M.G.M., Henriques, R.E.M.M., Qualidade de vida do idoso na comunidade: Aplicação da Escala de Flanagan (2002) Rev Lat Am Enferm, 10, pp. 757-764Souza, T.T., Santini, I., Wada, S.A., Vasco, C.F., Kimura, M., Qualidade de vida da pessoa diabética (1997) Rev Esc Enferm USP, 31, pp. 150-164Veras, R.P., Alves, M.I.C., A populaçõ idosa no Brasil: Consideraçōes acerca do uso de indicadores de saúde (1995) Os Muito Brasis: Saúde E Populaçao Na Década De 80, pp. 320-337. , In: Minayo MC. Rio de Janeiro: Hucitec(Saúde em Debate, 79)Xavier, F.M.F., Ferraz, M.P.T., Marc, N., Escosteguy, N.U., Moriguchi, E.H., Elderly people's definition of quality of life (2003) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 25, pp. 31-3

Factors Associated With Influenza Vaccination Among Elderly Persons In Southeastern Brazil [fatores Associados à Vacinação Contra Influenza Em Idosos Em Município Do Sudeste Do Brasil]

Even though influenza vaccination is free and widely available in Brazil since 1999, coverage is still inadequate in several of the country's municipalities. The aim of the present study was to estimate vaccine coverage and to identify factors related to vaccination against influenza in the elderly population. Methods: A household survey was carried out using a systematic random sample (N=365) of the urban population older than 60 years from the city of Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil. A logistic regression model using vaccination in 2002 as the dependent variable was used. The following covariables were tested: sex, age, socioeconomic variables (per capita income, number of persons per dormitory, schooling, marital status, occupation, time living in the city), history of morbidity and hospital admission, smoking, respiratory symptoms in last 15 days, and community activities (voluntary work neighborhood and church activities). Results: Vaccine coverage was 63.2% (95% CI: 58.3-68.2). We found a lower proportion of vaccination among the 60-64 years age group. Variables associated with vaccination in the final model were age (OR=1.09 per year; 95% CI: 1.06-1.13); arterial hypertension (OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.18-3.13); and participation in community activities (OR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.01-2.65). With the exception of hypertension, vaccination among subjects with chronic diseases did not reach adequate levels, as expected for this highrisk group. Participation in social and community activities was associated with vaccination status. Conclusions: Socioeconomic conditions, habits, and age did not restrict access to vaccination campaigns. On the other hang specific campaigns aimed at the 60-64 years age group may increase vaccination coverage. © 2006 Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de Sao Paulo.401115119Aranda, C.M.S.S., Carvalhanas, T.R.M.P., Paiva, T.M., Brandileone, M.C., Campanha -de vacinação contra influenza, 2004 (2004) Bol Epidemiol Paulista, 1, pp. 4-6Prevention and control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (2004) MMWR Recomm Rep, 53 (RR6), pp. 1-40. , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDCPublic health and aging: Influenza vaccination coverage among adults aged > or = 50 years and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among adults aged > or = 65 years, United States 2002 (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52 (41), pp. 987-992. , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDCCordeiro, R., Sakate, M.S., Clemente, A.P.G., Diniz, C.S., Donalisio, M.R., Subnotificação de acidentes do trabalho não fatais em São Paulo, 2002 (2005) Rev Saúde Pública, 39 (2), pp. 254-260Dannetun, E., Tegnell, A., Normann, B., Garpenholt, O., Glesecke, J., Influenza vaccine coverage and reasons for non vaccination in sample of people above 65 years of age, in Sweden, 1998-2000 (2003) Scand J Infect Dis, 35 (6-7), pp. 389-393Egede, L.E., Zheng, D., Racial/Ethnic differences in influenza vaccination coverage in high risk adults (2003) Am J Public Health, 93 (12), pp. 2074-2078Falsey, A.R., Cunningham, C.K., Barker, W.H., Kouides, R.W., Yuen, M.M., Winer, L.B., Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A infections in the hospitalized elderly (1995) J Infect Dis, 172 (2), pp. 389-394Gross, P.A., Hermogenes, A.W., Sacks, H.S., Lau, J., Levandowski, R.A., The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons: A meta-analysis and review of the literature (1995) Ann Intern Med, 123 (7), pp. 518-527MacDonald, R., Baken, L., Nelson, A., Nichol, K.L., Validation of self-report of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status in elderly outpatients (1999) Am J Prev Med, 163 (3), pp. 173-177Moura, M., Silva, L.J., Pesquisa de opinião sobre as campanhas de vacinação contra a influenza no estado de São Paulo (2004) Bol Epidemiol Paulista, 1, pp. 8-10Nichol, K.L., Baken, L., Nelson, A., Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits hospitalization, and mortality in elderly person with chronic lung disease (1999) Ann Intern Med, 130 (5), pp. 397-403Nicholson, K.G., Kent, J., Hammersley, V., Cancio, E., Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: Comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden (1997) BMJ, 315 (7115), pp. 1060-1064Ohmit, S.E., Monto, A., Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalization among the elderly during influenza type A and type B seasons (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 24 (6), pp. 1240-1248Pregliasco, F., Sodano, L., Mensi, C., Selvaggi, M.T., Adamo, B., D'Argenio, P., Influenza vaccination among the elderly in Italy (1999) Bull World Health Organ, 77 (2), pp. 127-131Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., (1998) Modern Epidemiology, , 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-RavenSarriá, A., Timoner, J., Determinants de la vacunación de la gripe en personas mayors de 65 anos (2002) Rev Esp Salud Pública, 76 (1), pp. 17-2

A Survey Of Knowledge And Attitudes In A Population About Dengue Transmission--region Of Campinas São Paulo, Brazil--1998 [inquérito Sobre Conhecimentos E Atitudes Da População Sobre A Transmissão Do Dengue--região De Campinas São Paulo, Brasil--1998.]

A survey with 502 interviews was realized in the region of Campinas (S.P.) to evaluate the community's knowledge and concepts regarding dengue: disease, vector and prevention. This information was then compared with the actual behavior towards prevention and the presence of breeding sites. Three neighborhoods of Santa Barbara D'Oeste (170,000 inhabitants) were chosen because they were located in the first municipality with autochthonous transmission, since 1995. Areas with better social and urban conditions scored higher in terms of knowledge compared with peripheral neighborhoods, even though these regions had priority in the local education program, due to case notification. However, breeding sites were found equally in both regions. A major gap between knowledge and attitude was detected in all regions. The results of the survey can help the organization of education programs to find ways to put this knowledge into practice. This instrument is useful to monitor the impact of dengue control programs.34219720

Adverse Reactions To Influenza Vaccine In The Elderly, Campinas District, Sp, 2000 [eventos Adversos Após Vacinação Contra Influenza Em Idosos, Distrito De Campinas, Sp, 2000]

Adverse reactions associated with vaccines are poorly documented in Brazil. The aim of this article was to identify the incidence of adverse effects to the influenza vaccine in the elderly of Campinas district, SP. A questionnaire was applied to a random systematic sample of people over 60 years of age (n = 206), participating in the Brazilian Vaccination Campaign during 2000. Temporal link was taken into account for general and local symptoms after vaccine. One or more symptoms were reported by 20.48% (CI 14.87-25.88) and local pain was the most frequent complaint 12.62% (CI 8.09-17.15). A multi-regression logistic model was adjusted, considering any adverse effects after exposure as the dependent variable. The independent variable associated with adverse effects was female gender (OR = 5.89 and CI 2.08-16.68). This study reaffirms the low reactogenicity of influenza vaccine.364467471Prevention and Control of influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (2000) Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report, 49 (RR03), pp. 1-38Cochran, W.G., (1977) Sampling Techniques. Third Edition, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkFierbach, N.H., Viscoli, C.M., Patient acceptance of influenza vaccination: Knowledge, attitudes and behavior among high risk outpatients (1992) Archives of Internal Medicine, 152, pp. 106-110Govaert, T.H.M.E., Dinant, G.J., Aretz, K., Masurel, N., Sprenger, M.J.W., Knottnerus, J.A., Adverse reactions to influenza vaccine in elderly people: Randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (1993) British Medical Journal, 307, pp. 988-990Gross, P.A., Hermogenes, A.W., Sacks, H.S., Levandowski, R.A., The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons. A meta-analysis and review of the literature (1995) Annals of Internal Medicine, 123, pp. 518-527Honkamen, P.O., Keistinen, T., Kivelä, S.L., Reactions following administration of influenza vaccine alone or with pneumococcal vaccine to the elderly (1996) Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, pp. 205-208Margolis, K.L., Nichol, K.L., Poland, G.A., Pluhar, R.E., Frequency of adverse reactions to influenza vaccine in the elderly (1990) Journal of American Medical Association, 264, pp. 1139-1141(2001), http://www.saude.gov.br/programas/idoso/programa.num, BrasiliaNicholson, K.G., Kent, J., Hammersley, V., Cancio, E., Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: Comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden (1997) British Medical Journal, 315, pp. 1060-1064Polland, G.A., Borrud, A., Jacobson, R.M., Mcdermott, K., Wollan, P.C., Brakke, D., Charboneau, J.W., Determination of deltoid fat pad thickness - Implications for needle length in adult immunization (1997) Journal of American Medical Association, 277, pp. 1709-1711Rothman, K., Greenland, S., (1998) Modern Epidemiology, 2nd Edition, , Lippincott-Raven, New YorkRoy, G., Fradet, M., Le Hénaff, D., Vaccination contre la grippe des personnes âgées: Quelques préjuges courants (1996) Revue Cannadienne de Santé Publique, 87, pp. 298-300Rumel, D., (1987) Indicadores de Mortalidade por Categorial Ocupacional e Nível Social, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo(2001) Campanha Nacional de Vacinação para o Idoso, , Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Informe Técnico. São PauloToniolo Neto, J., Weckx, L.W., Halker, E., Lopes, C.H., Succi, R.C.M., Paiva, T.M., Ishida, M.A., Forleo Neto, E., Safety of simultaneous pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in elderly patients in Brazil (1999) Drugs Aging, 15, pp. 43-45Weckx, L.Y., Lopes, C.H., Kobayashi, F.K., Avaliação da tolerância à vacina contra influenza e à vacina contra pneumococo em idosos (1999) Boletim Informativo do Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica - Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, 14, pp. 7-1