Mental Health Literacy

Zdravstvena pismenost u području mentalnog zdravlja (engl. Mental Health Literacy) pokazala se jednom od značajnih odrednica mentalnog zdravlja koja ima potencijal za poboljšanje kako zdravlja pojedinca tako i populacije. Navedeni istraživački konstrukt prvi je puta opisan 1997. godine te podrazumijeva znanja i vjerovanja pojedinca o mentalnom zdravlju odnosno mentalnim poremećajima koja pomažu u njihovom prepoznavanju, upravljanju ili prevenciji (Jorm i sur. 1997). Istraživanja u različitim zemljama, provedena različitim metodološkim pristupima, ukazuju na nedostatno znanje na razini opće populacije i specifičnih dobnih skupina o tome kako prevenirati poteškoće mentalnog zdravlja i mentalne poremećaje, kako ih prepoznati, koji su oblici pomoći dostupni i korisni te kako pružiti prvu podršku osobama koje manifestiraju poteškoće. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz razvoja i razumijevanja konstrukta zdravstvene pismenosti u području mentalnog zdravlja te povećanje istraživačkog interesa u području mentalnozdravstvene pismenosti. U radu se daje kratak prikaz razvoja navedenog područja istraživanja, istraživačke metodologije i dobivenih spoznaja kao i njihovih implikacija kada je u pitanju očuvanje mentalnog zdravlja pojedinaca i populacije kao i prevencije mentalnih poremećaja.Mental health literacy has been recognized as one of the most important mental health determinants with a potential to improve the mental health of both individuals and the population. This concept was first described in 1997, mostly defined as the knowledge and beliefs about mental health and mental disorders which help the recognition, management, and prevention of mental health problems or disorders (Jorm et al. 1997). Studies from different countries conducted with different methodologies have suggested a lack of knowledge at both public and specific age-group levels about how to prevent and recognize mental health problems and mental disorders, how to provide first support to people manifesting mental health problems, and about the available and useful forms of help. By giving an overview of the development of mental health literacy as a research construct, this paper aims to contribute to the knowledge, understanding, and expansion of research interest in this field, its methodology and results, as well as their implications for the prevention of mental disorders and preservation of mental health

WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION IN EUROPE AND IN CROATIA

Promicanje zdravlja na radnom mjestu omogućuje unaprjeđenje zdravlja i sveukupnog blagostanja zaposlenika djelujući na promjenjive čimbenike rizika kao i poticanjem zdravog življenja. Aktivnosti promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu donose višestruku korist, od one za samog pojedinca (zaposlenika), do poslodavaca i u konačnici koristi za širu zajednicu zbog čega bi te aktivnosti trebale biti jedan od centralnih javnozdravstvenih interesa. Ovaj rad donosi pregled koncepta promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu, glavnih organizacija na razini Europe i Hrvatske, primjere dobre prakse u Europi te pregled programa promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu u Hrvatskoj.Workplace health promotion enables improvement of health and overall employee well-being through changing risk factors and promoting healthy living. According the World Health Organization, chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the world. They lead to reduced productivity and increased costs. In order to overcome this trend, the workplace is used as the main place to promote long-term behavioral changes aimed at improving health. Workplace health promotion activities bring multiple benefi ts, from those to the individual (employees) to those to the employers and ultimately to the wider community, and thereby these activities should be one of the central public health interests. This paper presents an overview of the concept of workplace health promotion, leading organizations in the fi eld in Europe and Croatia, examples of good practice in Europe, and the workplace health promotion program in Croatia

WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION IN EUROPE AND IN CROATIA

Promicanje zdravlja na radnom mjestu omogućuje unaprjeđenje zdravlja i sveukupnog blagostanja zaposlenika djelujući na promjenjive čimbenike rizika kao i poticanjem zdravog življenja. Aktivnosti promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu donose višestruku korist, od one za samog pojedinca (zaposlenika), do poslodavaca i u konačnici koristi za širu zajednicu zbog čega bi te aktivnosti trebale biti jedan od centralnih javnozdravstvenih interesa. Ovaj rad donosi pregled koncepta promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu, glavnih organizacija na razini Europe i Hrvatske, primjere dobre prakse u Europi te pregled programa promicanja zdravlja na radnom mjestu u Hrvatskoj.Workplace health promotion enables improvement of health and overall employee well-being through changing risk factors and promoting healthy living. According the World Health Organization, chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the world. They lead to reduced productivity and increased costs. In order to overcome this trend, the workplace is used as the main place to promote long-term behavioral changes aimed at improving health. Workplace health promotion activities bring multiple benefi ts, from those to the individual (employees) to those to the employers and ultimately to the wider community, and thereby these activities should be one of the central public health interests. This paper presents an overview of the concept of workplace health promotion, leading organizations in the fi eld in Europe and Croatia, examples of good practice in Europe, and the workplace health promotion program in Croatia

Risk factors for alcohol abuse among sixteen-year-olds in Croatia

Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti i procijeniti, polazeći od socio-epidemiološkog i socio-ekološkog pristupa, utjecaje individualnih i društveno-okolišnih čimbenika na intenzitet i učestalost konzumacije alkoholnih pića u šesnaestogodišnjaka u Hrvatskoj te utvrditi populaciju učenika sklonih nastanku ovisnosti o alkoholu i ispitati njihova prepoznatljiva obilježja. ----- Materijali i metode: Za potrebe ovoga rada korišteni su podatci presječnog istraživanja „Europsko istraživanje o pušenju, pijenju i uzimanju droga među učenicima“ (ESPAD) provedenog 2019. godine. U analizu je bilo uključeno 2772 učenika, koji su u godini istraživanja navršili 16 godina. Provedena je multivarijatna analiza po spolu i socio-ekonomskoj grupi za konzumaciju alkohola u posljednjih 12 mjeseci, opijanje u posljednjih 12 mjeseci te analiza prediktora za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu. ----- Rezultati: Prijatelji koji piju, pušenje u posljednjih 30 dana i uzimanje marihuane barem jednom u životu, pokazali su se konzistentnim prediktorima konzumacije alkohola i opijanja. Uloga oca pokazala se značajnim protektivnim čimbenikom za opijanje i u mladića i u djevojaka. Za 33 % manji izgled opijanja imali su mladići koji imaju oca visokog obrazovanja i djevojke koje su zadovoljne odnosom s ocem. Učenika sklonih ovisnosti o alkoholu bilo je 7,2 %, a učenici muškog spola bili su u većem riziku. Najjači prediktor za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu činili su prijatelji koji se opijaju, povećavajući omjer izgleda za 3,3 puta. ----- Zaključak: Rezultati ukazuju na dosljedan utjecaj vršnjaka kao prediktora svih istraženih razina pijenja alkohola (pijenje, opijenost, sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu) i potvrđuju neke prediktore specifične za spol i socio-ekonomsku grupu. Denormalizacija i jačanje otpornosti te vještina donošenja odluka trebali bi biti u središtu preventivnih programa usmjerenih na konzumaciju alkohola u adolescenata.Aim: To investigate the influences of individual and social risk factors on the intensity and frequency of alcohol consumption in sixteen-year-olds in Croatia, and whether these risk factors differ by gender and socio-economic group. ----- Materials and methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the cross-sectional "European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs" and involved 2772 participants who were turning 16 in the year of the research. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in relation to gender and socio-economic group. ----- Results: Having friends who drink alcohol and involvement in risk behaviors like smoking and cannabis use were found to be consistent predictors for alcohol consumption and intoxication among adolescents. To be prone to alcohol addiction 7.2% of students were found, with a higher risk among male students. Having friends who get drunk was the strongest risk factor for alcohol addiction propensity, increasing the risk by 3.3 times. ----- Conclusion: Overall, results indicate a consistent influence of peers as a predictor of all investigated levels of alcohol drinking (drinking, intoxication, propensity to alcohol dependence) and confirm some gender and socio-economic group specific predictors. Denormalization and work on decision making skills and resilliance should be the focus of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents

Risk factors for alcohol abuse among sixteen-year-olds in Croatia

Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti i procijeniti, polazeći od socio-epidemiološkog i socio-ekološkog pristupa, utjecaje individualnih i društveno-okolišnih čimbenika na intenzitet i učestalost konzumacije alkoholnih pića u šesnaestogodišnjaka u Hrvatskoj te utvrditi populaciju učenika sklonih nastanku ovisnosti o alkoholu i ispitati njihova prepoznatljiva obilježja. ----- Materijali i metode: Za potrebe ovoga rada korišteni su podatci presječnog istraživanja „Europsko istraživanje o pušenju, pijenju i uzimanju droga među učenicima“ (ESPAD) provedenog 2019. godine. U analizu je bilo uključeno 2772 učenika, koji su u godini istraživanja navršili 16 godina. Provedena je multivarijatna analiza po spolu i socio-ekonomskoj grupi za konzumaciju alkohola u posljednjih 12 mjeseci, opijanje u posljednjih 12 mjeseci te analiza prediktora za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu. ----- Rezultati: Prijatelji koji piju, pušenje u posljednjih 30 dana i uzimanje marihuane barem jednom u životu, pokazali su se konzistentnim prediktorima konzumacije alkohola i opijanja. Uloga oca pokazala se značajnim protektivnim čimbenikom za opijanje i u mladića i u djevojaka. Za 33 % manji izgled opijanja imali su mladići koji imaju oca visokog obrazovanja i djevojke koje su zadovoljne odnosom s ocem. Učenika sklonih ovisnosti o alkoholu bilo je 7,2 %, a učenici muškog spola bili su u većem riziku. Najjači prediktor za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu činili su prijatelji koji se opijaju, povećavajući omjer izgleda za 3,3 puta. ----- Zaključak: Rezultati ukazuju na dosljedan utjecaj vršnjaka kao prediktora svih istraženih razina pijenja alkohola (pijenje, opijenost, sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu) i potvrđuju neke prediktore specifične za spol i socio-ekonomsku grupu. Denormalizacija i jačanje otpornosti te vještina donošenja odluka trebali bi biti u središtu preventivnih programa usmjerenih na konzumaciju alkohola u adolescenata.Aim: To investigate the influences of individual and social risk factors on the intensity and frequency of alcohol consumption in sixteen-year-olds in Croatia, and whether these risk factors differ by gender and socio-economic group. ----- Materials and methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the cross-sectional "European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs" and involved 2772 participants who were turning 16 in the year of the research. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in relation to gender and socio-economic group. ----- Results: Having friends who drink alcohol and involvement in risk behaviors like smoking and cannabis use were found to be consistent predictors for alcohol consumption and intoxication among adolescents. To be prone to alcohol addiction 7.2% of students were found, with a higher risk among male students. Having friends who get drunk was the strongest risk factor for alcohol addiction propensity, increasing the risk by 3.3 times. ----- Conclusion: Overall, results indicate a consistent influence of peers as a predictor of all investigated levels of alcohol drinking (drinking, intoxication, propensity to alcohol dependence) and confirm some gender and socio-economic group specific predictors. Denormalization and work on decision making skills and resilliance should be the focus of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents

Risk factors for alcohol abuse among sixteen-year-olds in Croatia

Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti i procijeniti, polazeći od socio-epidemiološkog i socio-ekološkog pristupa, utjecaje individualnih i društveno-okolišnih čimbenika na intenzitet i učestalost konzumacije alkoholnih pića u šesnaestogodišnjaka u Hrvatskoj te utvrditi populaciju učenika sklonih nastanku ovisnosti o alkoholu i ispitati njihova prepoznatljiva obilježja. ----- Materijali i metode: Za potrebe ovoga rada korišteni su podatci presječnog istraživanja „Europsko istraživanje o pušenju, pijenju i uzimanju droga među učenicima“ (ESPAD) provedenog 2019. godine. U analizu je bilo uključeno 2772 učenika, koji su u godini istraživanja navršili 16 godina. Provedena je multivarijatna analiza po spolu i socio-ekonomskoj grupi za konzumaciju alkohola u posljednjih 12 mjeseci, opijanje u posljednjih 12 mjeseci te analiza prediktora za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu. ----- Rezultati: Prijatelji koji piju, pušenje u posljednjih 30 dana i uzimanje marihuane barem jednom u životu, pokazali su se konzistentnim prediktorima konzumacije alkohola i opijanja. Uloga oca pokazala se značajnim protektivnim čimbenikom za opijanje i u mladića i u djevojaka. Za 33 % manji izgled opijanja imali su mladići koji imaju oca visokog obrazovanja i djevojke koje su zadovoljne odnosom s ocem. Učenika sklonih ovisnosti o alkoholu bilo je 7,2 %, a učenici muškog spola bili su u većem riziku. Najjači prediktor za sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu činili su prijatelji koji se opijaju, povećavajući omjer izgleda za 3,3 puta. ----- Zaključak: Rezultati ukazuju na dosljedan utjecaj vršnjaka kao prediktora svih istraženih razina pijenja alkohola (pijenje, opijenost, sklonost ovisnosti o alkoholu) i potvrđuju neke prediktore specifične za spol i socio-ekonomsku grupu. Denormalizacija i jačanje otpornosti te vještina donošenja odluka trebali bi biti u središtu preventivnih programa usmjerenih na konzumaciju alkohola u adolescenata.Aim: To investigate the influences of individual and social risk factors on the intensity and frequency of alcohol consumption in sixteen-year-olds in Croatia, and whether these risk factors differ by gender and socio-economic group. ----- Materials and methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the cross-sectional "European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs" and involved 2772 participants who were turning 16 in the year of the research. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in relation to gender and socio-economic group. ----- Results: Having friends who drink alcohol and involvement in risk behaviors like smoking and cannabis use were found to be consistent predictors for alcohol consumption and intoxication among adolescents. To be prone to alcohol addiction 7.2% of students were found, with a higher risk among male students. Having friends who get drunk was the strongest risk factor for alcohol addiction propensity, increasing the risk by 3.3 times. ----- Conclusion: Overall, results indicate a consistent influence of peers as a predictor of all investigated levels of alcohol drinking (drinking, intoxication, propensity to alcohol dependence) and confirm some gender and socio-economic group specific predictors. Denormalization and work on decision making skills and resilliance should be the focus of alcohol prevention programs for adolescents

The Relationship between Alcohol Drinking Indicators and Self-Rated Mental Health (SRMH): Standardized European Alcohol Survey (SEAS)

Given that the self-perception of mental health is an important predictor of health outcomes and wellbeing, it is important to identify the indicators of mental health associated with alcohol consumption in order to reduce alcohol-related harms. This study used data from the cross-sectional RARHA SEAS survey (2015) in the Croatian general population, aged 18–64 years (n = 1500). Several aspects of drinking behaviors and alcohol-related harms were measured, as well as personal and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression found a significant association between alcohol’s harm to others (AHTO) and poor self-rated mental health (SRMH) (OR = 0.752; 95% CI 0.601–0.941) in the total sample, as well as in the group of participants who rarely drank alcohol (OR = 0.504; 95% CI 0.322–0.787) in the last 12 months. More frequent consumers reported poor SRMH if they had at least one harmful effect from drinking (OR 0.538; 95% CI 0.295–0.980). Younger age, higher education, professional activity, and living with someone else in a household contributed to better SRMH. AHTO has been identified as a strong predictor of poor SRMH in the general population. Targeted public health and preventive measures are needed with specific approaches for different types of alcohol consumers