353 research outputs found
Gender discrimination and its impact on income, productivity, and technical efficiency: evidence from Benin
This paper examines the occurrence and impact of gender discrimination in access to production resources on the income, productivity, and technical efficiency of farmers. Through an empirical investigation of farmers from Koussin-LeĀ“leĀ“, a semi-collective irrigated rice scheme in central Benin, we find that female rice farmers are particularly discriminated against with regard to scheme membership and access to land and equipment, resulting in significant negative impacts on their productivity and income. Although women have lower productivity, they are as technically efficient as men. The findings suggest that there is considerable scope for improving the productivity of women through increasing their access to production resources
Why NERICA is a successful innovation for African farmers
This paper responds to āFunding international agricultural research and the need to be noticed: a case study of NERICA riceā by Stuart Orr, James Sumberg, Olaf Erenstein and Andreas Oswald, published in this issue of Outlook on Agriculture.
In summary, the article by Orr et al, based on an internal WARDA document written in November 2003 and augmented with results from Internet searches, is outdated and does not seem to be fair, objective or useful. We invite the authors to visit WARDA or any of its partners in Sub-Saharan Africa for evidence of the impact of NERICA varieties or the other improved varieties and technologies that have been developed and disseminated by WARDA in recent years
Lāalbuminurie acĆ©to- soluble dans la pĆ©ripneumonie expĆ©rimentale et naturelle est- elle une forme habituelle de lāalbuminurie chez les bovins
Mornet Paul, Auffret Ch., Orue J., Diagne Lamine. Lāalbuminurie acĆ©to-soluble dans la pĆ©ripneumonie expĆ©rimentale et naturelle est-elle une forme habituelle de lāalbuminurie chez les bovins. In: Bulletin de l'AcadĆ©mie VĆ©tĆ©rinaire de France tome 101 nĀ°4, 1948. pp. 165-168
The Dielmo project : a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of Senegal
Monitoring the millennium development goals: the potential role of the INDEPTH Network
The Millennium Declaration, adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2000, set a series of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as priorities for UN member countries, committing governments to realising eight major MDGs and 18 associated targets by 2015. Progress towards these goals is being assessed by tracking a series of 48 technical indicators that have since been unanimously adopted by experts. This concept paper outlines the role member Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs) of the INDEPTH Network could play in monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs. The unique qualities of the data generated by HDSSs lie in the fact that they provide an opportunity to measure or evaluate interventions longitudinally, through the long-term follow-up of defined populations
Food insecurity increases risk of depression and anxiety among women in Senegal living with diabetes and/or hypertension
Food insecurity affects close to half the population of Senegal, West Africa, a country simultaneously affected by the ongoing global diabetes pandemic. Diabetes and food insecurity are associated with adverse mental health, yet research exploring the relationship between chronic physical illness, food insecurity, and mental illness in Senegal is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and depression and anxiety, separately, in Senegalese women living with diabetes and hypertension. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Modified Hopkins Symptoms Checklist Survey (HSCLā25). A sensitivity analysis examining the relationship between food insecurity and depression and anxiety was performed by comparing two previously validated cutoff values (1.75 and 2.25) on the HSCLā25. Most participants (83%) had some level of food insecurity. More than 80% of the sample were depressed or anxious using 1.75 as the cutoff, while 42 and 60% were depressed or anxious, respectively, using 2.25 as the cutoff. Food insecurity increased relative risk for depression (RRR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05ā1.31, 1.75 as cutoff; RRR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99ā1.14, 2.25 as cutoff) and anxiety (RRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05ā1.31, 1.75 as cutoff; RRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04ā1.19, 2.25 as cutoff). These findings demonstrate that among populations suffering from diabetes and hypertension, food insecurity is a modifiable risk factor for depression and anxiety and a potential intervention target in this setting
What will the future bring for biological invasions on islands? an expert-based assessment
Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity with particularly strong
implications for island biodiversity. Much research has been dedicated towards
understanding historic and current changes in alien species distribution and impacts
on islands and potential changes under future climate change. However, projections
of how alien species richness and impacts on islands might develop in the future
are still lacking. In the absence of reliable projections, expert-based assessments are
a valuable tool to investigate the importance of different drivers and pathways and
the distributions of potential impacts of future biological invasions. These insights can
guide subsequent quantification efforts and inform invasive species management and
policy. In this study, we performed a survey among 126 experts in invasion science
ranging from scientists to managers and decision makers with a focus on island
systems until the mid-21st century. The survey revealed that out of 15 drivers, six were
considered important by almost all respondents (>90%). Of these, trade and transport
was identified as most important at the introduction stage (99.2%) and land use/cover
change as most important at the establishment (96.8%) and spread (95.2%) stage.
Additionally, the experts considered that alien species were more likely to be introduced
(93.7%) and spread (78.6%) as stowaways than through any other pathway. In general,
respondents agreed that the impacts of alien species will increase on all types of
islands, particularly on oceanic islands, followed by atolls and continental islands. Within
islands, terrestrial ecosystems were assumed to be impacted more severely than marine
ecosystems. Finally, the survey hints toward the potential for effective communication, scientific research and increased pro-active management of alien species on islands to
reduce their future consequences. Given the major threat represented by invasive alien
species on islands, these results provide crucial insights relevant for global and regional
conservation efforts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fluorescent Staining of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Structures Using Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and Propidium Iodide
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