Cronoestratigrafía del Paleozoico Superior de América del Sur : Primera etapa de trabajo hacia una nueva propuesta

Fil: Azcuy, Carlos L.. Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. CABA; ArgentinaFil: Beri, Ángeles. Sección Paleontología. Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias. Montevideo; UruguayFil: Bernardes-de-Oliveira, Mary E.C.. Universidade Guarulhos. SP; BrasilFil: Carrizo, Hugo A.. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Geología. San Miguel de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: di Pasquo, Mercedes. Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. CABA; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Saravia, Pamela. Fil: González, Carlos R.. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Geología. San Miguel de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Iannuzzi, Roberto. Instituto de Geociências. Universidad Federal Río Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Lemos, Valesca B.. Instituto de Geociências. Universidad Federal Río Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Melo, José Henrique G.. PETROBRAS/CENPES/PDEXP/BPA. Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Pagani, María Alejandra. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio. Trelew. Chubut; ArgentinaFil: Rhon, Rosemarie. Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, IGCE/UNESP. Rio Claro; BrasilFil: Amenabar, Cecilia. Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA. CABA; ArgentinaFil: Sabattini, Nora María. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Souza, Paulo. Instituto de Geociências. Universidad Federal Río Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Taboada, Arturo C.. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Sede Esquel. Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Chubut; ArgentinaFil: Vergel, María del Milagro. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Geología. San Miguel de Tucumán; Argentin

Predictors of the effects of treatment for shoulder pain: protocol of an individual participant data meta-analysis

Background Shoulder pain is one of the most common presentations of musculoskeletal pain with a 1-month population prevalence of between 7 and 26%. The overall prognosis of shoulder pain is highly variable with 40% of patients reporting persistent pain 1 year after consulting their primary care clinician. Despite evidence for prognostic value of a range of patient and disease characteristics, it is not clear whether these factors also predict (moderate) the effect of specific treatments (such as corticosteroid injection, exercise, or surgery). Objectives This study aims to identify predictors of treatment effect (i.e. treatment moderators or effect modifiers) by investigating the association between a number of pre-defined individual-level factors and the effects of commonly used treatments on shoulder pain and disability outcomes. Methods This will be a meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD). Eligible trials investigating the effectiveness of advice and analgesics, corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy-led exercise, psychological interventions, and/or surgical treatment in patients with shoulder conditions will be identified from systematic reviews and an updated systematic search for trials, and risk of bias will be assessed. Authors of all eligible trials will be approached for data sharing. Outcomes measured will be shoulder pain and disability, and our previous work has identified candidate predictors. The main analysis will be conducted using hierarchical one-stage IPD meta-analysis models, examining the effect of treatment-predictor interaction on outcome for each of the candidate predictors and describing relevant subgroup effects where significant interaction effects are detected. Random effects will be used to account for clustering and heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses will be based on (i) exclusion of trials at high risk of bias, (ii) use of restricted cubic splines to model potential non-linear associations for candidate predictors measured on a continuous scale, and (iii) the use of a two-stage IPD meta-analysis framework. Discussion Our study will collate, appraise, and synthesise IPD from multiple studies to examine potential predictors of treatment effect in order to assess the potential for better and more efficient targeting of specific treatments for individuals with shoulder pain