On the algebraic approach to solvable lattice models

We develop an algebraic approach to solvable lattice models based on a chain of algebras obeyed by the models. In each subalgebra we use a unit, giving a chain of ideals. Thus, we divide the models into distinct sectors which do not mix. This method gives the usual Bethe anzats results in cases it is known, but generalizes it to non integrable models. We exemplify the method on the Temperley--Lieb and Fuss--Catalan algebras. For the Fuss--Catalan algebra we show that the ground state energy is zero and there is a mass gap of one for $\alpha>\sqrt2$, and that for $\alpha=1$ we seem to get an RCFT as the scaling limit.Comment: 14 pages, one table. Minor typos correcte

Classical Shadows for Quantum Process Tomography on Near-term Quantum Computers

Quantum process tomography is a powerful tool for understanding quantum channels and characterizing properties of quantum devices. Inspired by recent advances using classical shadows in quantum state tomography[1], we have developed ShadowQPT, a classical shadow method for quantum process tomography. We introduce two related formulations with and without ancilla qubits. ShadowQPT stochastically reconstructs the Choi matrix of the device allowing for an a-posteri classical evaluation of the device on arbitrary inputs with respect to arbitrary outputs. Using shadows we then show how to compute overlaps, generate all $k$-weight reduced processes, and perform reconstruction via Hamiltonian learning. These latter two tasks are efficient for large systems as the number of quantum measurements needed scales only logarithmically with the number of qubits. A number of additional approximations and improvements are developed including the use of a pair-factorized Clifford shadow and a series of post-processing techniques which significantly enhance the accuracy for recovering the quantum channel. We have implemented ShadowQPT using both Pauli and Clifford measurements on the IonQ trapped ion quantum computer for quantum processes up to $n=4$ qubits and achieved good performance.Comment: Revised with additional Hamiltonian learning sectio

Neurophysiological Responses to Different Product Experiences

It is well known that the evaluation of a product from the shelf considers the simultaneous cerebral and emotional evaluation of the different qualities of the product such as its colour, the eventual images shown, and the envelope’s texture (hereafter all included in the term “product experience”). However, the measurement of cerebral and emotional reactions during the interaction with food products has not been investigated in depth in specialized literature. (e aim of this paper was to investigate such reactions by the EEG and the autonomic activities, as elicited by the cross-sensory interaction (sight and touch) across several different products. In addition, we investigated whether (i) the brand (Major Brand or Private Label), (ii) the familiarity (Foreign or Local Brand), and (iii) the hedonic value of products (Comfort Food or Daily Food) influenced the reaction of a group of volunteers during their interaction with the products. Results showed statistically significantly higher tendency of cerebral approach (as indexed by EEG frontal alpha asymmetry) in response to comfort food during the visual exploration and the visual and tactile exploration phases. Furthermore, for the same index, a higher tendency of approach has been found toward foreign food products in comparison with local food products during the visual and tactile exploration phase. Finally, the same comparison performed on a different index (EEG frontal theta) showed higher mental effort during the interaction with foreign products during the visual exploration and the visual and tactile exploration phases. Results from the present study could deepen the knowledge on the neurophysiological response to food products characterized by different nature in terms of hedonic value familiarity; moreover, they could have implications for food marketers and finally lead to further study on how people make food choices through the interactions with their commercial envelope

Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Twice Daily Versus Once Daily Dosing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72008/1/j.1600-6143.2004.00383.x.pd

The role of the emergency department in the management of acute heart failure: an international perspective on education and research

Emergency departments are a major entry point for the initial management of acute heart failure (AHF) patients throughout the world. The initial diagnosis, management and disposition - the decision to admit or discharge - of AHF patients in the emergency department has significant downstream implications. Misdiagnosis, under or overtreatment, or inappropriate admission may place patients at increased risk for adverse events, and add costs to the healthcare system. Despite the critical importance of initial management, data are sparse regarding the impact of early AHF treatment delivered in the emergency department compared to inpatient or chronic heart failure management. Unfortunately, outcomes remain poor, with nearly a third of patients dying or re-hospitalised within 3 months post-discharge. In the absence of robust research evidence, consensus is an important source of guidance for AHF care. Thus, we convened an international group of practising emergency physicians, cardiologists and advanced practice nurses with the following goals to improve outcomes for AHF patients who present to the emergency department or other acute care setting through: (a) a better understanding of the pathophysiology, presentation and management of the initial phase of AHF care; (b) improving initial management by addressing knowledge gaps between best practices and current practice through education and research; and (c) to establish a framework for future emergency department-based international education and research

Nucleation phenomena and extreme vulnerability of spatial k-core systems

K-core percolation is a fundamental dynamical process in complex networks with applications that span numerous real-world systems. Earlier studies focus primarily on random networks without spatial constraints and reveal intriguing mixed-order transitions. However, real-world systems, ranging from transportation and communication networks to complex brain networks, are not random but are spatially embedded. Here, we study k-core percolation on two-dimensional spatially embedded networks and show that, in contrast to regular percolation, the length of connections can control the transition type, leading to four different types of phase transitions associated with novel phenomena and a rich phase diagram. A key finding is the existence of a metastable phase in which microscopic localized damage, independent of system size, can cause a macroscopic phase transition, a result which cannot be achieved in traditional percolation. In this case, local failures can spontaneously propagate the damage radially until the system entirely collapses, a phenomenon analogous to the nucleation process. These findings suggest novel features and extreme vulnerabilities of spatially embedded k-core network systems, and highlight the necessity to take into account the characteristic length of links when designing robust spatial networks. Furthermore, our insight about the microscopic processes and their origin during the mixed order and first order abrupt transitions in k-core networks could shed light on the mechanisms of many systems where such transitions occur.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Comments welcome Argentina’s Financial Crisis: Floating Money, Sinking Banking ⊗ Augusto

This paper argues that the relation between the currency board and the financial system—i.e., the link between money and banking—is essential to understand the 2001-02 Argentine crisis. The establishment of the currency board in 1991 helped develop the Argentine financial system. Despite its strengths, the financial system remained vulnerable to real exchange rate misalignments and fiscal shocks. After 1998, Argentina fell into a currencygrowth-debt trap. It tried to break away by focusing on growth, but failed to address the currency and debt components of the trap, dramatically raising uncertainty. This unleashed a depositor run, which lead to the abandonment of the currency board. We argue that an early exit of the currency board into dollarization would have likely prevented the run and substantially lowered the magnitude of the crisis. Dollarization would have preserved property rights and financial intermediation. Moreover, it would not have necessarily implied giving up nominal flexibility altogether, since dollarization could have been followed over time by “pesification at the margin.