7,945 research outputs found
The organic chemistry in the innermost, infalling envelope of the Class 0 protostar L483
Context: The protostellar envelopes, outflow and large-scale chemistry of
Class~0 and Class~I objects have been well-studied, but while previous works
have hinted at or found a few Keplerian disks at the Class~0 stage, it remains
to be seen if their presence in this early stage is the norm. Likewise, while
complex organics have been detected toward some Class~0 objects, their
distribution is unknown as they could reside in the hottest parts of the
envelope, in the emerging disk itself or in other components of the
protostellar system, such as shocked regions related to outflows.
Aims: In this work, we aim to address two related issues regarding
protostars: when rotationally supported disks form around deeply embedded
protostars and where complex organic molecules reside in such objects.
Methods: We observed the deeply embedded protostar, L483, using Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band~7 data from Cycles~1 and 3 with a
high angular resolution down to ~0.1 (20~au) scales.
Results: We find that the kinematics of CS~-- and
HCN~-- are best fitted by the velocity profile from infall under
conservation of angular momentum and not by a Keplerian profile. The spatial
extents of the observed complex organics are consistent with an estimated ice
sublimation radius of the envelope at ~50~au, suggesting that the complex
organics exist in the hot corino of L483.
Conclusions: We find that L483 does not harbor a Keplerian disk down to at
least ~au in radius. Instead, the innermost regions of L483 are undergoing
a rotating collapse. This result highlights that some Class~0 objects contain
only very small disks, or none at all, with the complex organic chemistry
taking place on scales inside the hot corino of the envelope, in a region
larger than the emerging disk.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Emergence of Global Preferential Attachment From Local Interaction
Global degree/strength based preferential attachment is widely used as an
evolution mechanism of networks. But it is hard to believe that any individual
can get global information and shape the network architecture based on it. In
this paper, it is found that the global preferential attachment emerges from
the local interaction models, including distance-dependent preferential
attachment (DDPA) evolving model of weighted networks(M. Li et al, New Journal
of Physics 8 (2006) 72), acquaintance network model(J. Davidsen et al, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 128701) and connecting nearest-neighbor(CNN) model(A.
Vazquez, Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 056104). For DDPA model and CNN model, the
attachment rate depends linearly on the degree or strength, while for
acquaintance network model, the dependence follows a sublinear power law. It
implies that for the evolution of social networks, local contact could be more
fundamental than the presumed global preferential attachment. This is onsistent
with the result observed in the evolution of empirical email networks.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Infrared and Radio observations of a small group of protostellar objects in the molecular core, L1251-C
We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming
region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the
near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed
that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended
emission to east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A
has been detected at 350 and 850 micron with the CSO and JCMT telescopes,
tracing dense envelope materials around L1251A. The single-dish data from the
KVN and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of
several molecular line emission and that of the continuum emission, suggesting
complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The SMA
interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and 13CO 2-1
located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in IRAC
image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust continuum map. IRS 1 is the
strongest candidate for the driving source of the newly detected compact CO 2-1
outflow. Over the whole region (14' by 14') of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class
II sources have been detected, including three YSOs in L1251A. A comparison
with the average projected distance among 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among 3
YSOs in L1251A suggests L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster formation,
where protostellar objects are forming in a small group.Comment: 53 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Biochemical Mediators Involved in Cartilage Degradation and the Induction of Pain in Osteoarthritis
Recommended from our members
Infrared and Radio Observations of a Small Group of Protostellar Objects in the Molecular Core, L1251-C
We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended emission in the east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A has been detected at 350 and 850 mu m with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and James Clerk Maxwell telescopes, tracing dense envelope material around L1251A. The single-dish data from the Korean VLBI Network and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of several molecular emission lines and that of the continuum emission, suggesting complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The Submillimeter Array interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and (CO)-C-13 2-1 located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in the Infrared Array Camera image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust-continuum map. IRS 1 is the strongest candidate for the driving source of the newly detected compact CO 2-1 outflow. Over the entire region (14' x 14') of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class II sources have been detected, including three young stellar objects (YSOs) in L1251A. A comparison between the average projected distance among the 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among the 3 YSOs in L1251A suggests that L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster Formation where protostellar objects form in a small group.Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education of the Korean government NRF-2012R1A1A2044689BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) grant - Korea government (MEST)National Science Foundation 0708158NASA NNX13AE54G, 1224608, 1230782, 1407Astronom
Molecular Line Observations of the Small Protostellar Group L1251B
We present molecular line observations of L1251B, a small group of pre- and
protostellar objects, and its immediate environment in the dense C18O core
L1251E. These data are complementary to near-infrared, submillimeter and
millimeter continuum observations reported by Lee et al. (2006, ApJ, 648, 491;
Paper I). The single-dish data of L1251B described here show very complex
kinematics including infall, rotation and outflow motions, and the
interferometer data reveal these in greater detail. Interferometer data of N2H+
1-0 suggest a very rapidly rotating flattened envelope between two young
stellar objects, IRS1 and IRS2. Also, interferometer data of CO 2-1 resolve the
outflow associated with L1251B seen in single-dish maps into a few narrow and
compact components. Furthermore, the high resolution data support recent
theoretical studies of molecular depletions and enhancements that accompany the
formation of protostars within dense cores. Beyond L1251B, single-dish data are
also presented of a dense core located ~150" to the east that, in Paper I, was
detected at 850 micron but has no associated point sources at near- and
mid-infrared wavelengths. The relative brightness between molecules, which have
different chemical timescales, suggests it is less chemically evolved than
L1251B. This core may be a site for future star formation, however, since line
profiles of HCO+, CS, and HCN show asymmetry with a stronger blue peak, which
is interpreted as an infall signature.Comment: 46 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Cost-effective On-device Continual Learning over Memory Hierarchy with Miro
Continual learning (CL) trains NN models incrementally from a continuous
stream of tasks. To remember previously learned knowledge, prior studies store
old samples over a memory hierarchy and replay them when new tasks arrive. Edge
devices that adopt CL to preserve data privacy are typically energy-sensitive
and thus require high model accuracy while not compromising energy efficiency,
i.e., cost-effectiveness. Our work is the first to explore the design space of
hierarchical memory replay-based CL to gain insights into achieving
cost-effectiveness on edge devices. We present Miro, a novel system runtime
that carefully integrates our insights into the CL framework by enabling it to
dynamically configure the CL system based on resource states for the best
cost-effectiveness. To reach this goal, Miro also performs online profiling on
parameters with clear accuracy-energy trade-offs and adapts to optimal values
with low overhead. Extensive evaluations show that Miro significantly
outperforms baseline systems we build for comparison, consistently achieving
higher cost-effectiveness.Comment: This paper is to be published in the 29th Annual International
Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MobiCom 23
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: III: Low Mass Star Formation in a Small Group, L1251B
We present a comprehensive study of a low-mass star-forming region,L1251B, at
wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. L1251B, where only one
protostar, IRAS 22376+7455, was known previously, is confirmed to be a small
group of protostars based on observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The
most luminous source of L1251B is located 5" north of the IRAS position. A
near-infrared bipolar nebula, which is not associated with the brightest object
and is located at the southeast corner of L1251B, has been detected in the IRAC
bands. OVRO and SMA interferometric observations indicate that the brightest
source and the bipolar nebula source in the IRAC bands are deeply embedded disk
sources.Submillimeter continuum observations with single-dish telescopes and
the SMA interferometric observations suggest two possible prestellar objects
with very high column densities. Outside of the small group, many young stellar
object candidates have been detected over a larger region of 12' x 12'.
Extended emission to the east of L1251B has been detected at 850 micron; this
"east core" may be a site for future star formation since no point source has
been detected with IRAC or MIPS. This region is therefore a possible example of
low-mass cluster formation, where a small group of pre- and protostellar
objects (L1251B) is currently forming, alongside a large starless core (the
east core).Comment: 35 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, for the full
resolution paper, visit
"http://peggysue.as.utexas.edu/SIRTF/PAPERS/pap27.pub.pdf
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