Progression of duodenal adenomatosis in familial adenomatous polyposis: due to ageing of subjects and advances in technology

Familial adenomatous polyposis patients are at risk of duodenal cancer. Surveillance is indicated and the extent of duodenal polyposis is quantified by the Spigelman staging system. We noticed an impressive increase in high Spigelman stages over the years and therefore decided to investigate whether this increase might be due to the time-lapse since the inception of surveillance or related to improvements in endoscopic imaging and/or changes in dysplasia-reporting. Patients who were investigated by the same endoscopist since 1980 in at least 2 different episodes of technical improvements were eligible. The period 1980–2009 was divided into 4 episodes using the following landmarks: replacement of fibre-endoscopes by video-endoscopes in 1987, change in processors in 1995, change in image resolution in 2000, and change in dysplasia-reporting in 2006. An increase in Spigelman stages from low stages (0–II 100%) to high stages (III 28.1%, IV 43.8%) was seen (median follow-up: 19.5 years). In patients who progressed, a median of 4 years elapsed before progression by one stage occurred and 7 years to progress by two stages. In a mixed-model analysis, both time-lapse and technical improvements were determinant factors for duodenal disease progression. When both factors were introduced in the model, the time-lapse as well as the change in image resolution and dysplasia-ranking contributed consistently in increasing Spigelman scores and stages. The impressive increase in severity of duodenal polyposis is determined by time-lapse, technological advances and change in dysplasia-reporting. These results might call for a revised Spigelman classification

Polipose gastroduodenal em doentes com polipose adenomatosa familiar Pós-Retocolectomia Gastroduodenal polyposis in patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis after rectocolectomy

RACIONAL: As manifestações extracólicas, como os pólipos gastroduodenais e o tumor do duodeno, são fatores que influenciam a morbimortalidade dos doentes com polipose adenomatosa familiar no seguimento pós-retocolectomia total. OBJETIVO: Investigar a freqüência destas alterações em doentes com polipose adenomatosa familiar e verificar a eficácia do rastreamento endoscópico. MÉTODO:No período de 1984 a 2005, 62 doentes com polipose adenomatosa familiar pós-retocolectomia foram estudados retrospectivamente pelo Grupo de Coloproctologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP. O tempo de seguimento médio pós-operatório foi de 81,9 meses, sendo que em 53 (85,5%) foi possível analisar a ocorrência de pólipos gastroduodenais. RESULTADOS: Dos 53 doentes em seguimento, 27 (50,9%) apresentavam pólipos gastroduodenais. Em 8 (15,4%) os pólipos adenomatosos eram gástricos, 14 (27%) pólipos duodenais e 5 (9,6%) pólipos gástricos e duodenais. Dois doentes (3,8%) desenvolveram adenoma duodenal com displasia de alto grau. E outro (1,9%), adenocarcinoma em papila duodenal. CONCLUSÃO: O rastreamento endoscópico, desta forma, é de grande importância e o objetivo é detectar, o mais precocemente possível, os casos de adenocarcinoma duodenal e pólipos gastroduodenais com displasia de alto grau.<br>BACKGROUND: The extra colonic manifestations, like upper gastrointestinal tract polyps and duodenal cancer are disorders that affect long-term morbidity and mortality of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, after rectocolectomy. AIM: To describe the frequency of those disorders in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and to review efficacy of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic surveillance. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2005, 62 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after rectocolectomy, were studied retrospectively, by Coloproctology Group, Medical Sciences Faculty, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil. It was possible to analyze 53 patients (85,5%) in this study. RESULTS: Twenty seven (50,9%) of 53 patients in follow-up had upper gastrointestinal polyps. Eight (15,4%) had gastric adenomatous polyps, 14 (27%), duodenal polyps and 5 (9,6%) duodenal and gastric polyps. Two patients (3,8%) had adenomatous duodenal polyps with severe dysplasia, and one (1,9%) had adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla. CONCLUSION: The upper gastrointestinal endoscopic surveillance has importance and the aim is to detect as early as possible the occurrence of duodenal adenocarcinoma and upper gastrointestinal polyps with severe dysplasia