Dynamic Imaging of CD8+ T Cells and Dendritic Cells during Infection with Toxoplasma gondii

To better understand the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses during infection, the primary response to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii was characterized using 2-photon microscopy combined with an experimental system that allowed visualization of dendritic cells (DCs) and parasite specific CD8+ T cells. Infection with T. gondii induced localization of both these populations to the sub-capsular/interfollicular region of the draining lymph node and DCs were required for the expansion of the T cells. Consistent with current models, in the presence of cognate antigen, the average velocity of CD8+ T cells decreased. Unexpectedly, infection also resulted in modulation of the behavior of non-parasite specific T cells. This TCR-independent process correlated with the re-modeling of the lymph node micro-architecture and changes in expression of CCL21 and CCL3. Infection also resulted in sustained interactions between the DCs and CD8+ T cells that were visualized only in the presence of cognate antigen and were limited to an early phase in the response. Infected DCs were rare within the lymph node during this time frame; however, DCs presenting the cognate antigen were detected. Together, these data provide novel insights into the earliest interaction between DCs and CD8+ T cells and suggest that cross presentation by bystander DCs rather than infected DCs is an important route of antigen presentation during toxoplasmosis

Wellbeing indicators affecting female entrepreneurship in OECD countries

[EN] The objective of this research is to know which wellbeing indicators, such as work-life balance, educational level, income or job security, are related to the rate of female entrepreneurship in 29 OECD countries. In addition, these countries have been classified according to the motivation of the entrepreneur either by necessity or by opportunity. The empiric study is focused on 29 OECD countries covering the different geographic areas (Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East, etc.) Due to the fact that the sample is relatively small, it is essential to use a selective approach when selecting the causal conditions. To this end, fsQCA is the most appropriate methodology for such a small data set. A total of 5 variables have been used: an independent variable (female TEA ratio), and four dependent variables (work life balance, educational level, sustainable household income and job security). Data measuring female TEA ratio have been obtained from Global Entrepreneur Monitor (GEM in Global report, 2015) data base, while data measuring wellbeing dimensions were taken from the Better Life Index (OECD in How¿s life? Measuring wellbeing, 2015. http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org). The results of this piece of research show that countries with high sustainable household income together with high level of education achieves high female entrepreneurship ratio with both, a good work-life balance (despite of a high unemployment probability), or a high labour-personal imbalance (in this latter, with a low probability of unemployment).This work has been funded by the R + D project for emerging research groups with reference (GVA) GV/2016/078.Ribes-Giner, G.; Moya Clemente, I.; Cervelló Royo, RE.; Perelló Marín, MR. (2019). Wellbeing indicators affecting female entrepreneurship in OECD countries. 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Italian families on vacation: a quantitative analysis of holiday experiences

In last decades, the rapid expansion of the tourism sector and the major differentiation of the tourism products have stimulated several studies in segmentation of tourism markets, but the applications of those techniques frequently focus on single consumers, while often the real "buyer" is the family. In this paper, we detect the profiles of Italian families compared to their travel choices; for the analysis, a sample of around 14,000 Italian families, from the National Institute of Statistics survey "Trips and Holidays,” is used. The main goal of this paper is to investigate holiday strategies of Italian families in connection with recent changes in family structure, in order to individuate different profiles and different customs in travel patterns.In last decades, the rapid expansion of the tourism sector and the major differentiation of the tourism products have stimulated several studies in segmentation of tourism markets, but the applications of those techniques frequently focus on single consumers, while often the real "buyer" is the family. In this paper, we detect the profiles of Italian families compared to their travel choices; for the analysis, a sample of around 14,000 Italian families, from the National Institute of Statistics survey "Trips and Holidays,” is used. The main goal of this paper is to investigate holiday strategies of Italian families in connection with recent changes in family structure, in order to individuate different profiles and different customs in travel patterns

Editorial introduction: The power of words and networks

According to Freud “words were originally magic and to this day words have retained much of their ancient magical power”. By words, behaviors are transformed and problems are solved. The way we use words reveals our intentions, goals and values. Novel tools for text analysis help understand the magical power of words. This power is multiplied, if it is combined with the study of social networks, i.e. with the analysis of relationships among social units. This special issue of the International Journal of Information Management, entitled "Combining Social Network Analysis and Text Mining: from Theory to Practice", includes heterogeneous and innovative research at the nexus of text mining and social network analysis. It aims to enrich work at the intersection of these fields, which still lags behind in theoretical, empirical, and methodological foundations. The nine articles accepted for inclusion in this special issue all present methods and tools that have business applications. They are summarized in this editorial introduction

Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI): A validation study in an Italian teacher group

The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen, & Christensen, 2005), a public domain questionnaire evaluating the level of physical and psychological fatigue experienced by individuals with respect to personal, work-related, and client-related burnout. Participants in the study were 1,497 teachers (89.3% female). The dimensionality of the CBI was explored by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale's internal consistency was also examined. Concurrent validity was explored by investigating the associations of the CBI dimensions with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES; Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004) and an ad hoc measure of self-efficacy. Results of CFA supported a model of measurement composed of three correlated factors: personal, work-related, and student-related burnout. Associations among the CBI factors, UWES, and self-efficacy scores were found to be in the expected directions and reliability of scales was consistent. Results suggest that the Italian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory is psychometrically robust and could be adopted for empirical uses

Donne, violenza e diritto: la ragione giuridica come rimedio contro la violenza di genere

La nostra storia è attraversata dalla consapevolezza che una volta riconosciuta la violenza come problema fondamentale della società si può scorporare la stessa violenza dall’intero sistema sociale e incorporarla nel sistema del diritto in modo da realizzare l’ordine sociale. Il diritto è assunto come il fondamentale paradigma del non-violento, il paradigma secondo il quale non la forza ma la giustizia deve essere il principio regolatore delle relazioni intersoggettive. L’intervento del legislatore negli ultimi anni è stato diretto alla tutela della donna e al riconoscimento della sua parità. E’ stata costituita la Commissione di Pari opportunità, è stata prevista la figura del Consigliere di parità, sono state promulgate leggi dirette alla diffusione dell’imprenditoria femminile, nonché alla tutela della maternità e paternità. E quando le affermazioni di principio non sono state più sufficienti si è passato alla previsioni di azioni positive. Tutto ciò dimostra il grande interesse del legislatore verso la posizione della donna e il suo ruolo nella società. Ma la società – in riferimento alla posizione della donna - presenta un crescendo di problematiche che, a mano a mano che vengono risolte ne creano delle altre. Dapprima l’uguaglianza poi l’emancipazione ed oggi la violenza. Questo lavoro si propone di offrire un quadro generale sulla posizione della donna all’interno del sistema giuridico al fine di poter individuare quali strumenti il diritto può utilizzare per impedire la violenza contro le donne e garantire il rispetto dei suoi diritti e della sua personalità. Mi piace richiamare una celebre frase di Cesare Beccaria che ben si adatta a quanto detto: <<Si vedrà che le passioni di un secolo sono la base della morale dei secoli futuri, che le passioni forti, figlie del fanatismo e dell’entusiasmo, indebolite e rose dal tempo, diventano a poco a poco la prudenza del secolo e lo strumento utile in mano del forte e dell’accorto>>