Applicability of a Representation for the Martin's Real-Part Formula in Model-Independent Analyses

Using a novel representation for the Martin's real-part formula without the full scaling property, an almost model-independent description of the proton-proton differential cross section data at high energies (19.4 GeV - 62.5 GeV) is obtained. In the impact parameter and eikonal frameworks, the extracted inelastic overlap function presents a peripheral effect (tail) above 2 fm and the extracted opacity function is characterized by a zero (change of sign) in the momentum transfer space, confirming results from previous model-independent analyses. Analytical parametrization for these empirical results are introduced and discussed. The importance of investigations on the inverse problems in high-energy elastic hadron scattering is stressed and the relevance of the proposed representation is commented. A short critical review on the use of Martin's formula is also presented.Comment: Two comments and one reference added at the end of Subsec. 3.3; 23 pages, 9 figures; to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Pioneer tree species as fruit flies parasitoids reservoir in the Brazilian Amazon.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the pioneer plant species Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae) to act as a reservoir for parasitoids of fruit flies in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected 48 samples of fruits (total of 4,012 fruits, 43.98 kg) during the months of July, August and September of 2013, in 15 of the 16 municipalities of Amapá State, Brazil. All samples showed infestation by fruit flies, with rates varying from 60.6 to 239.1 puparia/kg of fruit (mean of 106.8 puparia/kg of fruit). The percentage of emergence varied 18.6 to 64.3% (mean of 39.9%). Specimens of Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González (Diptera: Tephritidae) were obtained from all samples collected. Specimens of Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained from five samples, where they were represented by Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado and Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann). The mean percentage of parasitism was 12.8%, varying 4.7 to 26.7%. Four species of parasitoids were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus Szépligeti), Doryctobracon sp.2, Opius bellus Gahan (Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae). Doryctobracon areolatus, present in all municipalities sampled, was the most abundant species. Considering that B. grossularioides is a plant species that is abundant in the area sampled, its relevance with respect to the maintenance of the population of parasitoids is discussed in the context of the integrated management of fruit flies in the Amazon.e20170428

Mites (Arachnida: Acari) collected on rubber trees Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. in Santana, Amapá state, Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to elaborate a preliminary list of the mite species associated with rubber trees in the municipality of Santana, in the state of Amapá, Brazil. Two collections of rubber tree leaves were conducted on May 2nd and June 5th , 2010. Twenty-five plants were sampled at random. Three leaves were collected per plant, from the lower third of the crown. The samples were placed in paper bags, packed in an isothermal box chilled gel-based pulp plant (Gelo-X®), and transported to the Entomology Laboratory at Embrapa Amapá, in Macapá. The leaflets were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the mites found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves were collected with a stilet, mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer?s medium, and later identified. We collected a total of 1,722 mites of 10 families: Acaridae, Cunaxidae, Eriophyidae, Iolinidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tydeidae, and Winterschmidtiidae, in addition to unidentified species of the suborders Oribatida and Astigmatina. The family Phytoseiidae represented only 2.90% of specimens collected, but showed the highest species richness (5 species). The only representative of Tenuipalpidae was Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945, but 81.13% of the mites collected in this study belonged to this species

Combination of topology and shape optimization with finite element modeling in the case of an aerospace component produced by laser based additive manufacturing

The present work applies a design for additive manufacturing-driven design methodology to an aeronautical component to be fabricated through an additive manufacturing (AM) process. This involves simulation of the process using Abaqus Finite Element software as well as the development of a design methodology concerning topology and shape optimization utilizing SIMULIA Tosca. A benchmarking AM simulation is performed first to provide validation and general guidelines needed to properly implement a low-resolution AM simulation in Abaqus. The structural optimization is started by volume minimization topology optimization. Solid isotropic material with penalization fails to achieve convergence with frequency response constraints, while mass interpolation material penalization converges to a well-connected design. The design interpretation with polyNURBs results in a single component with a weight reduction of 2.29% compared to current two component assemblies. Further implementation of shape optimization to address stress design requirements allows achieving stress homogeneity and a lower weight, resulting in a 5.12% weight reduction. The AM simulation process is applied to a scaled version of the final design to both assess the printability of the part itself as well as implementation of key tools to define the AM simulation. Maximum distortion of the part appears at expected regions with an overhanging material

Mites (Arachnida: Acari) collected on rubber trees Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. in Santana, Amapá state, Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to elaborate a preliminary list of the mite species associated with rubber trees in the municipality of Santana, in the state of Amapá, Brazil. Two collections of rubber tree leaves were conducted on May 2nd and June 5th , 2010. Twenty-five plants were sampled at random. Three leaves were collected per plant, from the lower third of the crown. The samples were placed in paper bags, packed in an isothermal box chilled gel-based pulp plant (Gelo-X®), and transported to the Entomology Laboratory at Embrapa Amapá, in Macapá. The leaflets were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the mites found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves were collected with a stilet, mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer?s medium, and later identified. We collected a total of 1,722 mites of 10 families: Acaridae, Cunaxidae, Eriophyidae, Iolinidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tydeidae, and Winterschmidtiidae, in addition to unidentified species of the suborders Oribatida and Astigmatina. The family Phytoseiidae represented only 2.90% of specimens collected, but showed the highest species richness (5 species). The only representative of Tenuipalpidae was Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945, but 81.13% of the mites collected in this study belonged to this species

Longevidade de adultos de Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo e González (Diptera: Tephritidae) em condições de laboratório.

A utilização de dietas artificiais no processo de criação de moscas-das-frutas em laboratório é um passo importante no conhecimento da biologia das moscas-das-frutas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de dietas à base de açúcar refinado e extrato de levedura na longevidade dos adultos de Anastrepha coronilli. Exemplares de A. coronilli foram obtidos de frutos de goiaba-de-anta, Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae), coletados em campo, direto da planta ou recém-caídos no solo. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de plástico cobertas por organza e transportados até o Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Amapá, em Macapá. Os pupários obtidos foram acondicionados em câmaras climatizadas, sob condições controladas de temperatura (26 ± 0,5oC), umidade relativa do ar (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas), até a obtenção dos adultos. Após emergirem, os exemplares da A. coronilli foram transferidos para gaiolas medindo 20 x 10 x 10 cm, num total de três casais por gaiola, todos com até 24h de vida. Foram utilizadas 10 gaiolas com dieta à base de açúcar refinado e 10 gaiolas com dieta artificial composta de extrato de levedura Bionis® YE MF. Todas as gaiolas foram mantidas em sala com temperatura média de 26 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 75 ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. As moscas-das-frutas alimentadas à base de açúcar refinado sobreviveram no mínimo dois dias e no máximo 66 dias (média de 35,6 dias). As moscas-das-frutas que se alimentaram com dieta à base de extrato de levedura (Bionis) viveram no mínimo um dia e no máximo 117 dias (média de 49,3 dias). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a dieta à base de extrato de levedura foi mais eficaz na nutrição das moscas-das-frutas, provavelmente devido à presença de aminoácidos necessários ao desenvolvimento e maturação sexual do inseto. Por outro lado, o açúcar não fornece os nutrientes necessários ao pleno desenvolvimento do inseto.US38

A Clinico-epidemiological Study Of Bites By Spiders Of The Genus Phoneutria.

From January, 1984 to December, 1996, 422 patients (ages 9 m-99 y, median 29 y) were admitted after being bitten by spiders which were brought and identified as Phoneutria spp. Most of the bites occurred at March and April months (29.2%), in the houses (54.5%), during the day (76.5%), and in the limbs (feet 40.9%, hands 34.3%). Upon hospital admission, most patients presented only local complaints, mainly pain (92.1%) and edema (33.1%) and were classified as presenting mild (89.8%), moderate (8.5%) and severe (0.5%) envenomation. Few patients (1.2%) did not present signs of envenomation. Severe accidents were only confirmed in two children (9 m, 3 y). Both developed acute pulmonary edema, and the older died 9 h after the accident. Patients more than 70 year-old had a significantly greater (p<0.05) frequency of moderate envenomations compared to the 10-70-year-old individuals. Proceedings to relief local pain were frequently performed (local anesthesia alone 32.0%, local anesthesia plus analgesics 20.6% and oral analgesics alone 25. 1%). Only 2.3% of the patients (two cases classified as severe and eight as moderate, eight of them in children) were treated with i.v. antiarachnid antivenom. No antivenom early reaction was observed. In conclusion, accidents involving the genus Phoneutria are common in the region of Campinas, with the highest risk groups being children under 10 years of age and adults over 70 years of age. Cases of serious envenomation are rare (0.5%).4217-2