Potential of L-fucose isolated from Brown Seaweeds as Promising Natural Emulsifier compare to Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

L-fucose has been understood as sulfated polysaccharides and it could be extracted and fractionated from brown algae. These polysaccharides contains carbohydrate, sulfate, and protein that may be used as emulsifier. This research was aimed to study the emulsification properties of L-fucose through the determination of total dissolved solids (TDS), color CIE L*a*b* and stability of oil-in-water emulsion. As much as 0.5% of high concentrated L-fucose and 0.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as emulsifier in a 10% (v/v) oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The emulsifier was added to O/W emulsions and then heated at 72°C. Result of stability emulsion and TDS showed that L-fucose was comparable to the CMC but remarkable changed the color of O/W emulsion. Heating process significantly reduced the stability O/W emulsion when L-fucose was applied. As conclusion, L-fucose might be used as natural emulsifier in O/W emulsion but in the low heat treatment of food processing. This study may provide valuable information for utilizing natural emulsifier from abundant resources from nature

The Workforce in Indonesian Organizations: an Analysis Based Upon the Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede's Model

Culture has been understood as one of the factors that has a strong component in influencing all management activities. This study was aimed to study the role of six cultural dimensions of Hofstede's model and its impact on the workforce in Indonesian organizations. This study is qualitative research and using the metaanalysis method. Indonesia has a high power distance and collectivism, moderately in masculine, low preference for avoiding uncertainty, long-term oriented, and restraint which has an impact on the workforce. Results of this study showed that practical understanding of cultural dimensions of Hofstede's model and its impact on the workforce in Indonesian organizations