Localism: a planning panacea?

© 2019 Liverpool University Press. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2019.31It has been observed that there is a 'global trend' towards devolution of power from national governments to regional and local authorities, and planning is one of the activities often devolved. In England, the UK government has since 2011 gone further and, it claims, devolved planning powers to the community level. The introduction of a new form of statutory planning - neighbourhood planning - was heralded by the UK government as an embodiment of their commitment to 'localism', representing a shift from top-down to bottom-up control in the English planning system. This Policy and Practice explores some of the tensions inherent in localism as exemplified through the practical implementation of neighbourhood planning.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

A re-investigation of the path of carbon in photosynthesis utilizing GC/MS methodology. Unequivocal verification of the participation of octulose phosphates in the pathway

A GC/EIMS/SIM methodology has been developed to re-examine the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Exposing isolated spinach chloroplasts to (13)CO(2 )on a solid support for a defined period followed by quenching and work-up provided a mixture of labelled sugar phosphates. After enzymatic dephosphorylation and derivatization, the Mox-TMS sugars were analysed using the above method. The purpose of the study was to try to calculate the atom% enrichment of (13)C in as many of the individual carbons in each of the derivatized sugars as was practical using diagnostic fragment ions. In the event, only one 45 s experiment provided sufficient data to enable a range of enrichment values to be calculated. This confirmed that D-glycero-D-altro-octulose phosphate was present in the chloroplasts and was heavily labelled in the C4, C5 and C6 positions, in keeping with the hypothesis that it had an inclusive role and a labelling pattern consistent with a new modified pathway of carbon in photosynthesis

Systeme de transmission à codes pseudo-orthogonaux adapte au canal HF

Le support des liaisons HF (3 à 30MHz) est le canal ionosphérique dans lequel la propagation est caractérisée par la présence de trajets multiples et la non stationnarité des paramètres. L'interférence entre les trajets multiples qui est la cause d'évanouissements de l'onde porteuse (fading) et l'étalement de la réponse impulsionnelle qui crée un phénomène d'interférence intersymbole, sont les deux perturbations caractéristiques des canaux multitrajets. Les systèmes à cadence lente résolvent les problèmes d'interférence intersymbole mais sont sensibles au fading sélectif ; les systèmes à cadence rapide avec égalisation résolvent les problèmes d'interférence intersymbole et du fading sélectif mais par contre sont peu robustes aux brouillages (faibles rapports signaux à bruit). On a défini une classe de signaux adaptés au canal HF. Ce principe de transmission est basé sur la technique d'étalement de spectre et l'utilisation d'un récepteur à maximum de vraisemblance. L'émission de l'information est effectuée en série à cadence rapide, ce qui permet de s'affranchir du phénomène de fading sélectif. L'interférence intersymbole est limitée par l'utilisation d'un codage de l'information. Le code utilisé doit être tel que ses vecteurs sont caractérisés par le fait que les valeurs prises par leur fonction d'autocorrélation - en dehors de son maximum - et par leurs fonctions d'inter corrélation sont, en valeur absolue, bornées par une limite aussi faible que possible. Ces codes ont été appelés codes pseudo-orthogonaux. La définition, le mode de construction et les performances des codes pseudo-orthogonaux sont présentés ainsi que les résultats obtenus lors d'essais effectués sur une liaison de 500Km avec un modem construit sur ce principe

Physical and mental health burden in cases of bipolar disorder classified as current, former, or non-tobacco smokers

International audienceBACKGROUND:Tobacco smoking increases the global burden of bipolar disorder (BD). We examined markers of physical and mental health that are associated with tobacco smoking, controlling for confounders that have not always been considered in previous studies of BD.METHODS:Over 600 individuals with BD I or II referred to the French Network for bipolar disorder (FACE-BD) who completed standardized assessments, and could be reliably classified as current (CS) or former smokers (FS), were compared with those who were never smokers (NS) on: BD symptom load and psychiatric comorbidities; prevalence of alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD); medication usage; functioning and physical health parameters. The bivariate and multivariate analyses took into account age and gender.RESULTS:300 cases (49%) were CS, 78 (13%) FS and 238 (39%) had never smoked. Rates were similar across genders regardless of BD subtype. Compared with NS, CS were more likely to have an ASUD (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.18), BD I (OR 2.09), and lower abdominal obesity (OR 0.97), and FS were more likely to have an ASUD (OR 6.32) and higher abdominal obesity (OR 1.03).LIMITATIONS:The sample comprised of white Europeans; the FS subgroup was relatively small and we did not apply any statistical correction for the bivariate analyses.CONCLUSIONS:The increased risk of physical and mental health burden in CS and FS compared to NS represents avoidable morbidity in BD. This study offers support to the argument that individuals with BD should be routinely offered support to prevent or stop tobacco smoking

N-Heterocyclic carbene-stabilized gold nanoparticles with tunable sizes

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Caractérisation des mécanismes impliqués dans les altérations métaboliques liées à la prise de poids au cours d’un protocole de surnutrition chez l’homme

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