Maîtrise de la fécondité et planification familiale au Sud

Les résultats d'une enquête effectuée à Niakhar, en 1989-1991, montrent qu'en dépit d'une très faible pratique contraceptive il existe une demande réelle de maîtrise de la fécondité. Une détérioration des systèmes traditionnels de transmission du savoir induit une moindre connaissance des méthodes traditionnelles de contraception chez les jeunes adultes. Tant la connaissance que la pratique des méthodes modernes apparaissent en fait plus importantes : les jeunes, plus scolarisés et ayant fréquenté la ville semblent les mieux informés. L'évocation de projets contraceptifs traduit l'existence d'une demande de contrôle de la fécondité, différente selon le sexe : les femmes expriment surtout une demande contraceptive d'espacement, mais aussi d'arrêt, dans le cadre du mariage ; la demande des hommes vise d'abord à éviter les grossesses hors (avant) mariage. Mieux satisfaire cette demande nécessite de mieux connaître les réseaux d'information, notamment le rôle joué par les migrants. (Résumé d'auteur

Neutral Gauge Boson Contributions to the Dimuon Charge Asymmetry in B Decays

Recently, the D0 Collaboration measured the CP-violating like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry in neutral B decays, finding a 3.2sigma difference from the standard-model (SM) prediction. A non-SM charge asymmetry a_sl^s suggests a new-physics (NP) contribution to Bs-Bsbar mixing. In this case, in order to explain the measured value of a_sl^s within its 1sigma range, NP must be present in Gamma_12^s, the absorptive part of the mixing. In this paper, we examine whether such an explanation is possible in models with flavor-changing Z (ZFCNC) or Z' (Z'FCNC) gauge bosons. The models must also reproduce the measured values of the indirect CP asymmetry S_psi-phi in Bs -> J/psi phi, and Delta Gamma_s, the Bs-Bsbar width difference. We find that the ZFCNC model cannot reproduce the present measured values of S_psi-phi and a_sl^s within their 1sigma ranges. On the other hand, in the Z'FCNC model, the values of all three observables can be simultaneously reproduced.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, JHEP format. Some ZFCNC equations corrected, ZFCNC analysis redone, references added, conclusions unchange

Flavor Symmetric Sectors and Collider Physics

We discuss the phenomenology of effective field theories with new scalar or vector representations of the Standard Model quark flavor symmetry group, allowing for large flavor breaking involving the third generation. Such field content can have a relatively low mass scale \lesssim TeV and O(1) couplings to quarks, while being naturally consistent with both flavor violating and flavor diagonal constraints. These theories therefore have the potential for early discovery at LHC, and provide a flavor safe "tool box" for addressing anomalies at colliders and low energy experiments. We catalogue the possible flavor symmetric representations, and consider applications to the anomalous Tevatron t-tbar forward backward asymmetry and B_s mixing measurements, individually or concurrently. Collider signatures and constraints on flavor symmetric models are also studied more generally. In our examination of the t-tbar forward backward asymmetry we determine model independent acceptance corrections appropriate for comparing against CDF data that can be applied to any model seeking to explain the t-tbar forward backward asymmetry.Comment: 71 pages, 14 Figures, 12 Table

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

De quelques réformes à apporter au régime actuel des études médicales

Delaunay Henri Charles. De quelques réformes à apporter au régime actuel des études médicales. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 75,1921. pp. 309-315

Cours élémentaire d'astronomie : concordant avec les articles du Programme officiel pour l'enseignement de la cosmographie dans les lycées

par Ch. Delauna

De quelques réformes à apporter au régime actuel des études médicales

Delaunay Henri Charles. De quelques réformes à apporter au régime actuel des études médicales. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 75,1921. pp. 309-315